WEBVTT

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So it's one o'clock. Hello, everyone.

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Welcome to the webinar series.

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My name is JQ Yuan.

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I am the executive director of the
Hazard Mitigation, also the Building

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Seismic Safety Council at the National
Institute of Building Sciences, known as

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NIBS. So we were established by the U.S.

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Congress to ensure that all areas of the
built environment work together

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to utilize the best technology and the
focus on sustainability when

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creating the places where we live, work,
learn and play.

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Leading research and convening experts
to solve problems is a part of our

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overall mission. So the Building Seismic
Safety Council known as

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BSSC, is a council of the NIBS,
established in

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1979. The council's purpose is to
enhance the public safety

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by providing a national forum that
fosters improved seismic

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planning, design, construction and the
regulation in the building community.

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Well, now we are very proud to work with
all our federal partners, also our

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very broad industry partners in the past
40 years to help advance the Seismic

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Safety Foundation.

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Especially, we want to thank FEMA, the
Federal Emergency Management Agency,

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for their support for producing the.

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The NEHRP recommended seismic provisions
and many other related

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supporting documents, including the 2020
provisions design examples

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that we are going to present in today.

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So now let me introduce our two speakers
today.

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Our first speaker is Mike Tom.

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So Mike is a senior physical scientist
at the FEMA National Earthquake

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Hazards Reduction Program.

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He works in the Earthquake and Event
Program branch at the FEMA headquarter

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and oversees many FEMA projects for new
buildings

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like the 2020 NEHRP recommended the
seismic provisions for new buildings and

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other structures known as the FEMA p
2082.

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The procedures for developing the
Mortaza multi-tiered response better

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at non US site, the FEMA p

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2078, the short period building collapse
performance and

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the recommendations for improved seismic
design and the many, many other

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significant research research work.

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So prior to prior to working at FEMA,
Mike was a senior research

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scientist at the motto of the
multidisciplinary

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Center for Earthquake Engineering
Research at the State University of New

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York at Buffalo.

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Welcome, Mike. So our second speaker
today is Bret

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Lizundia. Bret is also the Project
Technical Leader for the design examples

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we are talking about today.

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Brad is principal at Rutherford + 
Chekene in San

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Francisco. In his 33 years at the RNC,
he has

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served on many of the firm's most
challenging projects, including design

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of new museums, laboratories,
performance arts facilities and

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academic buildings, with a focus on
enhanced seismic

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resilience as well as seismic retrofit
of historic structures.

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Bret has been active in earthquake
reconnaissance, applied research

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guidelines and the code development.

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Through his career. Now here was the
president of the Structure Engineers

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Association of North California and the
Applied Technology

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Council and a member of the 2020 2016 to
2020

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PSC provisions of the committee known as
PUC.

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And he's also a member of the University
of California Seismic Advisory Board.

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Welcome, Bret. Thank you for being here
today.

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So before we start, I would like to
cover a few housekeeping

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items first, so the participants will be
able to

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type questions through to our to our
speakers today by using the Q and

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E button. And we strongly encourage
everyone to do so during the

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presentation, not without the end.

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So this is a two hour presentation.

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But we will have some breaks in the
middle, will answer some questions

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there. Don't try to answer as many as we
can at the end, so please do taking your

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questions during the presentation
whenever you can think of any.

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Not going to wait till the end.

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Second, the session will be recorded.

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The recording will be available on the
NIBS website.

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Also, the certificates for the attendees
with the Professional Development Hours

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page also continue education units.

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The queues for AIA and ICC will be
provided for those who attended

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here today. And look for our follow up
emails

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for both reporting links.

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Also, the certificates last.

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The presentation is also live streamed
through neeps Facebook

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page. He also revealed that from there.

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So without further ado, our past is to
Mike.

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Thanks.

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Thanks, JQ.

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I see my. Presentation files on the
screen.

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Yes. Ok.

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Welcome, everybody.

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It's my pleasure to help kick off this
webinar series on the

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new theme of publication 2020 NEHRP
provisions, design

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examples, training materials and design
flow charts.

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On the right side of my screen, you see
the cover images of the

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three volumes, the documents, they're
just rolled it out this week,

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so if you haven't, download them.

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Follow the links that I'm going to
provide at the end of

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my short presentation.

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You will find that it's very informative
and very helpful for

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today's presentation and the following
11 presentations 11

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webinars in the series.

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I'd like to first take this opportunity
to thank BSSC

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for developing FEMA P-2192 for

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FEMA NEHRP and organizing this webinar
series to disseminate the

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new information. Particularly, I'd like
to thank

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project lead Bret Lizundia and project
manager JQ Yuan

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for their leadership to coordinate and
develop this

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resource document.

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They devoted a tremendous effort to make
sure that the documents

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are high quality and accurate.

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And they include all the valuable
information in there.

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There are also 15 contributing authors
of the individual

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chapters of the design examples training
materials and

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the design flow charts and presenters
for the

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following 11 webinars.

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They work at all around a very tight
schedule and come up with this

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valuable information that exceeded what
we originally planned for.

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So thanks.

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And then also, the reviewers provided
valuable reviews for

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the technical and editorial accuracy of
the materials.

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Now, the title of the documents clearly
show that

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the resource documents are to support
the 2020 NEHRP recommend the seismic

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provisions for new buildings and other
structures.

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So for many of you also know that the
new year provisions now are

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the resource to support ASCE 7.

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So in a way, the documents and the
webinars are also to support

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the just released ASCE 7-22

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standard and actually the exact examples
that created

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in this round are synchronized with the
changes

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in the ASCE 7 side.

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But those who are not quite familiar
with the relationship between the NEHRP

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provisions ASCE 7 and IBC, Bret's
presentation today

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will have a short overview of the
relationship.

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So you will be able to get some
information and understanding

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about that. Next, I would like to share
some

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thoughts about the webinars and the
P-2192

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resource, how that will help you.

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I'm sure that most of you come here and
try to understand

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better of the new code changes.

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In addition to that, you also find that
the presentation today and the

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following webinars will provide some
thoughts, considerations

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and supporting research results for the
new changes in the 2020 NEHRP

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provisions and ASCE 7-22.

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In addition, the webinars are also
carefully planned

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for an opportunity that the participants
will be able to meet the

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experts who led the development of the
major seismic code changes

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in this site of the provisions and ASCE
7 updates.

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Just want to share a little secret here?

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The presenters of the webinars are
actually invited

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to be invited to also share some of
their

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thoughts. They are actually the lead,
co-development

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and proponents, so they're the ones that
knows the best about these major

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code changes. Sir, the design

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examples are intended to illustrate how
this new code changes

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will be applied and how to be applied,
their examples that are

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easier and they're also ones that are
harder.

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The intention of that is to quickly get
the design practitioners, the building

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of professionals to understand and how
and where to

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apply these changes.

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Of course, that we're also exploring new
ways to

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improve communication and education on
code changes.

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So if you have any thoughts or ideas
that will help to further

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improve the communications of the codes,
communicate the communication

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of the codes and education about their
applications.

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Please let us know.

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Us having said that, I will also like to
share some thoughts of how FEMA views

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the efforts of developing these
resources.

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Can the webinars will help us to achieve
our goals and the mission

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FEMA mission is basically to reduce the
suffering of the disaster

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survivors. Numerous studies and the
post-disaster

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investigations repeatedly show that the
pre-disaster

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preparedness protects mitigations are
the most effective ways to

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save lives and reduce property damage
and disaster impacts.

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A recent FEMA report on building code
states shows that in selected

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high seismic region buildings that
confirming the modern building codes

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will save over $60 million annualized
losses from earthquake

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hazards. Now, if we include other
natural hazards such as

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wind floods, wildfires, one dollar
invested in buildings that

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need the current building codes,
requirements for disaster resistance

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will result in savings of the future
disasters,

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repair and recovery cost of $11.

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With that understanding, FEMA NEHRP
strives on two fronts.

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One is to improve seismic resistant
national

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standards and building model building
codes with new research results and

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lesson learned. Information on the other
one is to encourage at risk

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communities to adopt up to date model
building codes.

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We're really happy there were very
successful on these two fronts,

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but then we also realized that with the
strong building codes and

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then the needs for the seismic resistant
buildings, we need that

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design practitioners and building
professionals to connect the dots

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from the codes to the earthquake
resistant buildings at at

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risk communities.

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With that, then with your help, we can
increase the earthquake

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resilience nationwide.

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So that's the purpose and that's a how
that we feel.

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The support of the development of the
resource and the webinars will

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help our mission.

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Last but not least, I'd like to share
some of the resources that's going to

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be used or helpful for today's webinar
and the

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series, as well as for you to learn
about the NEHRP provisions.

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Uh, three of these volumes are now
available at the

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BSSC website.

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They're just rolled it out this week.

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So if you haven't, download them, feel
free to download them.

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In addition, there are some other
related publications.

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They're available at the FEMA media
library.

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Some of them we have the hard copies,
for instance, the

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2020 NEHRP provisions, which is also
known as the FEMA P-2082.

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You can order them for free from the
FEMA publication

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warehouse by calling the 800 numbers.

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So with that, I will turn it over to
Bret and wish

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you all enjoy today's webinar and find
that it's beneficial to your

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work.

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All right, thank you very much, my.

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Are you able to see and hear?

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Me? Yes.

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Great. Ok, well, thank you for the
energy introduction

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JQ and then for the nice overview.

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Mai it's been a pleasure working on this
project.

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It's nice to see it come to fruition and
be able to share it with you out there

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in the wide world. It's a beautiful,
sunny day in Northern

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California here.

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So wherever you may be around the world,
I hope, I hope you're having a good one

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and and this is educational for you.

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I'm going to give you an overview of
what we'll be talking about. It's going

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to be a bit of a whirlwind tour.

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There's a lot to talk about.

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And like a lot of webinars, you know,
the only so much time we can do that, JQ

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mentioned, we'll take one break in the
middle kind of an opportune time when

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I've ended one session.

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If there are any questions, we'll do
those then and then I'll go into the

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second half after that.

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So our goals for this

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presentation, what I'd like you to be
able to take away at the end is have a

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better understanding for what on Earth
are the NEHRP provisions some of you may

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be familiar with, as some of you may
not.

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And it's a very important process and
document that we want you to have

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a better understanding of what it does
and why it's of benefit to

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the the process.

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Like you to have a bit of an
understanding or augment your current

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understanding of some key seismic code
changes.

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And then what's new, what's new in the
NEHRP provisions and then

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what's new in the recently released a
ASCE 7-22

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to help you understand changes and to

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be better engineers and implementing
them?

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00:16:59.500 --> 00:17:04.120
We have a set of design

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00:17:04.120 --> 00:17:08.410
examples that I mentioned, so I'm going
to go over

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an overview of what's in those design
examples and how they can be

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used in this presentation.

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So our outline, I'll begin with talking
about the NEHRP provisions, how it

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works, how it's related to see to some
seminal earthquakes, a

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little bit of history on the NEHRP
provisions. It's been here quite a while

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00:17:29.380 --> 00:17:33.100
and from those of us in the know has
done

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00:17:33.490 --> 00:17:37.660
major things that improving seismic
design and in America and around the

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world. So we'll highlight the latest
changes and then

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I'll wrap up. We'll take a break at the
end of that next to the last bullet.

250
00:17:46.810 --> 00:17:50.800
And then the bulk of the rest will be
the design, example, overview some

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cells. So let's start with an overview
of what are the

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provisions, this is really the main
starting point for U.S.

253
00:17:59.510 --> 00:18:04.490
seismic standards as we develop it and
and

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the intent of the provision process is
to focus on on major

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00:18:09.080 --> 00:18:13.940
issues, new lateral systems, major
changes in the way we analyze

256
00:18:13.940 --> 00:18:15.350
and design things.

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00:18:15.650 --> 00:18:20.330
That's the primary focus of the
provisions it leads

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00:18:20.330 --> 00:18:24.650
to. We essentially, when we're done with
that, we hand it

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00:18:24.650 --> 00:18:29.570
off to the ASCE 7 group and they in turn
delve in

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00:18:29.570 --> 00:18:34.310
detail and refine it for implementation
in in the

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ASCE standards.

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00:18:37.220 --> 00:18:42.170
So the goal of the provisions, which is
stated up front and this

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idea of what are her objectives, has
been

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around for a long time in the various
codes, including the UBC and other

265
00:18:51.650 --> 00:18:53.000
seminal documents.

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00:18:53.420 --> 00:18:56.600
But it's it's qualitative.

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But valuable so our first goal is we're
trying with our building codes in

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America to avoid serious injury and life
loss and new buildings, either

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from the building collapsing or major
failures of

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00:19:11.370 --> 00:19:16.260
cladding or equipment tipping over or
release of

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hazardous materials if a building has
those in them.

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00:19:19.620 --> 00:19:22.950
We try and emphasize preserving means of
egress.

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00:19:22.980 --> 00:19:26.910
We would like people to be able to get
out of the building without trouble

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when it's a critical facility.

275
00:19:30.360 --> 00:19:33.510
We would like it to not lose its
function.

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00:19:33.720 --> 00:19:37.650
So if it's a hospital and it's designed
at risk, Category four, we want it to be

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able to be used as a hospital in the
aftermath of fire and

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earthquake. So we design it to higher
standards in those cases,

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00:19:47.010 --> 00:19:51.870
and we would like damage and thus repair
costs to

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00:19:51.870 --> 00:19:52.980
be reduced.

281
00:19:53.070 --> 00:19:56.190
But you can see that comes down at the
bottom and it has this little qualifier

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of where practical. So it certainly, you
know, in our minds as

283
00:20:01.080 --> 00:20:05.370
we do this and one of our goals, but we
kind of start with making sure people

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00:20:05.370 --> 00:20:07.200
don't get hurt or killed.

285
00:20:07.650 --> 00:20:12.800
And then. Damage reduction comes along
with

286
00:20:12.800 --> 00:20:15.800
that as as a next objective.

287
00:20:16.670 --> 00:20:21.200
So who all is involved and, you know, in
in

288
00:20:21.200 --> 00:20:22.610
developing our codes?

289
00:20:23.210 --> 00:20:27.710
It really takes a village to use a kind
of overused euphemism, but it's true.

290
00:20:27.710 --> 00:20:32.030
I mean, there are an enormous number of
people agencies,

291
00:20:32.030 --> 00:20:36.950
researchers, practitioners, government
agencies,

292
00:20:36.950 --> 00:20:41.900
nonprofits all working to help make the
world a better

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00:20:41.900 --> 00:20:46.670
place, basically and with our specific
focus here on seismic design provisions.

294
00:20:46.970 --> 00:20:51.800
So one example is FEMA and NIST, which
are two key federal

295
00:20:51.800 --> 00:20:56.570
agencies have funding that they can
assign

296
00:20:56.570 --> 00:21:01.610
to improving standards that are on
their.

297
00:21:02.620 --> 00:21:07.600
There are agencies objectives and they,
in turn, kind of outsource that

298
00:21:07.600 --> 00:21:12.340
resource research, applied research
development to others

299
00:21:12.970 --> 00:21:17.410
who can bring in professors and
practitioners, develop

300
00:21:17.410 --> 00:21:22.960
applied guideline recommendations, which
begins

301
00:21:22.960 --> 00:21:27.220
or takes research one step further and
then kind of feeds it into the

302
00:21:27.220 --> 00:21:31.320
process. All of the NEHRP

303
00:21:31.330 --> 00:21:35.620
agencies, FEMA, NIST, NSF and USGS,
conduct post-earthquake

304
00:21:35.620 --> 00:21:40.360
observations and do reconnaissance to
learn from what was

305
00:21:40.630 --> 00:21:42.210
damaged in what was not damaged.

306
00:21:42.220 --> 00:21:45.820
You know, what's not working well, what
is working well, and that feeds into

307
00:21:45.820 --> 00:21:49.180
after event reports.

308
00:21:49.390 --> 00:21:53.290
The National Science Foundation conducts
more basic research, kind of more

309
00:21:53.290 --> 00:21:55.090
fundamental research.

310
00:21:55.090 --> 00:21:59.860
And then so do other universities and
professional societies conduct

311
00:21:59.860 --> 00:22:04.180
things so all of these folks in their
organizations feed

312
00:22:04.180 --> 00:22:09.080
into. The NEHRP provisions and then

313
00:22:09.080 --> 00:22:13.730
also the ground motions that we use, as
you

314
00:22:13.730 --> 00:22:18.650
know, the produce the forces of what the
Earth is doing are

315
00:22:18.650 --> 00:22:23.690
developed with the USGS in partnership
with

316
00:22:24.650 --> 00:22:29.180
apparently FEMA and BSSC in a pretty
impressive

317
00:22:29.180 --> 00:22:33.740
coordinated periodic update that goes
along with each cycle.

318
00:22:33.740 --> 00:22:37.580
So we're currently kind of operating
under about a six year cycle.

319
00:22:37.670 --> 00:22:41.330
We just completed the last one or just
about to embark on the new one.

320
00:22:42.290 --> 00:22:47.180
And at the beginning of that process,
USGS and BSSC kind of

321
00:22:47.180 --> 00:22:52.100
figured out what's going to be the way
we assign loads for

322
00:22:52.100 --> 00:22:56.150
earthquakes. And that in turn feeds into
the new provisions once the new

323
00:22:56.240 --> 00:22:57.440
provisions are done.

324
00:22:57.770 --> 00:23:02.750
They then are transferred over to the
ASCE 7

325
00:23:03.710 --> 00:23:08.600
group, who has its own committees and
main committee that adopts

326
00:23:08.600 --> 00:23:13.430
things that in turn becomes the the
reference document that IBC

327
00:23:13.430 --> 00:23:17.990
uses and then eventually a state like
mine, California, that

328
00:23:17.990 --> 00:23:20.510
becomes the underpinnings of the
California building code.

329
00:23:21.290 --> 00:23:25.880
So it's a long road and there's a lot of
people involved, but that helps make it

330
00:23:25.880 --> 00:23:30.710
better. We're not just making changes
willy nilly or arbitrarily.

331
00:23:30.710 --> 00:23:34.460
There's a lot of people, a lot of checks
and balances in place to make sure they

332
00:23:34.460 --> 00:23:38.480
make sense. So to focus a little more
carefully on

333
00:23:38.960 --> 00:23:43.700
the The Provisions Update Committee, JQ
mentioned he's the executive

334
00:23:43.700 --> 00:23:47.210
director of the BSSC, which manages
this.

335
00:23:47.210 --> 00:23:52.820
This is a a group of volunteers who are
subject

336
00:23:52.820 --> 00:23:57.710
matter experts in various aspects of
seismic design.

337
00:23:58.310 --> 00:24:02.960
We're trying to make it as as diverse
and representative as we can, but still

338
00:24:02.960 --> 00:24:05.330
make it as technically excellent as
possible.

339
00:24:05.510 --> 00:24:07.760
That group has.

340
00:24:07.760 --> 00:24:11.510
In addition, we have technical
subcommittees that focus on

341
00:24:11.510 --> 00:24:15.440
specific tasks, and we'll show you those
on the next slide.

342
00:24:15.470 --> 00:24:19.390
They develop proposals, PUC members can
develop proposals.

343
00:24:19.400 --> 00:24:22.400
Other folks or other agencies can
develop proposals.

344
00:24:22.610 --> 00:24:26.780
Those are vetted by the main committee,
the PUC.

345
00:24:27.380 --> 00:24:32.000
And when the PUC is satisfied and it's
passed a ANSI kind of

346
00:24:32.000 --> 00:24:36.980
consensus based voting procedure, we
then in turn send it out to what are

347
00:24:36.980 --> 00:24:41.810
called the BSSC member organizations,
who also have to

348
00:24:43.310 --> 00:24:47.840
validate sufficiently that it passes and
then that ultimately

349
00:24:47.840 --> 00:24:50.780
becomes the approved provision.

350
00:24:50.780 --> 00:24:55.210
So the most recent ones might mention
those that are available on the

351
00:24:55.650 --> 00:24:56.810
the FEMA website.

352
00:24:56.810 --> 00:24:58.760
That's the 2020 provisions.

353
00:24:58.910 --> 00:25:01.670
Ok, so that's the current standard.

354
00:25:01.670 --> 00:25:06.440
And that was then the basis that the
ASCE seven committee used for

355
00:25:06.440 --> 00:25:07.580
ASCE 7-22.

356
00:25:09.290 --> 00:25:12.920
So those issue teams, we had 10 in the
last cycle.

357
00:25:13.280 --> 00:25:18.140
Some were more active than others, but
most of them were fairly

358
00:25:18.140 --> 00:25:20.690
significantly active and and had.

359
00:25:23.180 --> 00:25:27.950
Develop proposals, answered questions,
did research coordinated

360
00:25:27.950 --> 00:25:32.680
with researchers and develop the

361
00:25:32.680 --> 00:25:37.490
the code change proposals that were then
reviewed by this

362
00:25:37.490 --> 00:25:42.140
main committee of 23 three voting folks
and seven super high

363
00:25:42.140 --> 00:25:43.880
qualified advisers?

364
00:25:44.240 --> 00:25:49.040
So for example, there are new shear 
walls systems in the IT 4 for group

365
00:25:49.280 --> 00:25:50.600
help develop those.

366
00:25:50.600 --> 00:25:54.760
There are major changes to the way we're
going to do nonstructural design it.

367
00:25:54.770 --> 00:25:58.130
Five Vetted that involve that.

368
00:25:58.130 --> 00:26:02.660
I'll talk about that in a little more
detail. Major advances in diaphragm

369
00:26:02.660 --> 00:26:05.930
design 89 was was helping develop that.

370
00:26:07.400 --> 00:26:11.120
So this results in kind of a three part
document.

371
00:26:11.120 --> 00:26:15.800
So we call that all the provisions, but
part one is the provisions in cells.

372
00:26:15.800 --> 00:26:17.390
Part two is commentary.

373
00:26:17.390 --> 00:26:19.370
So think of it like kind of code and
commentary.

374
00:26:19.370 --> 00:26:24.110
Even though it's not actually a code,
it's a reference document that an

375
00:26:24.110 --> 00:26:26.630
actual code uses seven uses.

376
00:26:26.990 --> 00:26:28.400
Part three is interesting.

377
00:26:28.430 --> 00:26:32.990
Part three is papers where we talk

378
00:26:32.990 --> 00:26:37.970
about new technologies, new systems,
ideas

379
00:26:37.970 --> 00:26:42.020
where we're not ready yet to move it
into the code.

380
00:26:42.440 --> 00:26:44.060
But it's an important issue.

381
00:26:44.060 --> 00:26:47.510
A lot of thinking has been done on it,
and we want to share that with the

382
00:26:47.510 --> 00:26:52.220
community to kind of get people thinking
about the next steps.

383
00:26:52.220 --> 00:26:56.210
So kind of the evolution typically is
something might begin in a resource

384
00:26:56.210 --> 00:27:00.500
paper and then in the next cycle might
end up in the provisions and

385
00:27:00.500 --> 00:27:04.340
commentary. Not always, but, but often
that's the case.

386
00:27:05.810 --> 00:27:07.820
And then lastly.

387
00:27:09.110 --> 00:27:13.610
So that's all done, we've got the
provisions, we've got future changes in

388
00:27:13.610 --> 00:27:15.760
a ASCE 7-22, they're coming to pass.

389
00:27:15.770 --> 00:27:20.360
We want to help practicing engineers
deal with the

390
00:27:21.380 --> 00:27:24.460
with a better understanding of these
changes.

391
00:27:24.470 --> 00:27:29.390
And so this three part document that Mai
mentioned includes, you know,

392
00:27:29.390 --> 00:27:34.370
a long, you know, multi hundred page
document of design examples

393
00:27:34.370 --> 00:27:39.050
themselves where we go into great detail
and I'll show you some

394
00:27:39.050 --> 00:27:41.600
examples of what's covered later in the
presentation.

395
00:27:41.600 --> 00:27:46.010
We have this series of training
webinars.

396
00:27:46.010 --> 00:27:50.660
So this today being the first one, and
there's a whole long, impressive

397
00:27:50.660 --> 00:27:54.840
list of people who will come after me,
who will speak about specific topics.

398
00:27:54.860 --> 00:27:58.910
And then lastly, less well known, but
part of the family.

399
00:27:58.910 --> 00:28:01.430
Here are some flowcharts.

400
00:28:01.430 --> 00:28:06.290
You know, it's often you look at a huge
document like ASCE 7 and and if

401
00:28:06.290 --> 00:28:11.210
you're new to the game or if something's
new in there, it

402
00:28:11.210 --> 00:28:14.420
isn't written in a linear sequential
way.

403
00:28:15.070 --> 00:28:18.320
You know, it's a hard thing to do, but
it certainly wasn't their intent. It's

404
00:28:18.320 --> 00:28:19.490
it's evolved.

405
00:28:19.880 --> 00:28:24.620
And so these flowcharts kind of walk you
through how you would really do the

406
00:28:24.620 --> 00:28:27.950
design process. There's one flowchart at
the beginning that gives you a grand

407
00:28:27.950 --> 00:28:30.470
overview, and then there's about 20.

408
00:28:31.460 --> 00:28:36.230
Four other charts that talk about
specific topics like diaphragm

409
00:28:36.230 --> 00:28:41.450
design or wood design or modal response
spectrum

410
00:28:41.450 --> 00:28:45.260
analysis, so an interesting valuable
thing for those who may not have heard

411
00:28:45.260 --> 00:28:48.670
of that. Ok, so I'm going to skip gears
a little bit.

412
00:28:48.710 --> 00:28:50.960
Talk about some history here.

413
00:28:51.260 --> 00:28:53.600
You know, how did we get to where we are
today?

414
00:28:55.040 --> 00:28:59.630
So this is, you know, going to cherry
pick from people who have

415
00:28:59.630 --> 00:29:01.670
developed a similar thing in the past.

416
00:29:01.910 --> 00:29:06.230
If your favorite earthquake is left out,
don't worry, it hasn't been forgotten,

417
00:29:06.230 --> 00:29:07.640
but it's just not in there today.

418
00:29:08.420 --> 00:29:11.030
So I don't live too far away from San
Francisco.

419
00:29:11.030 --> 00:29:14.960
And you know, the 1906 earthquake was
was a big deal.

420
00:29:15.380 --> 00:29:19.940
One interesting thing about it, maybe
not so well known, is that steel frame

421
00:29:19.940 --> 00:29:24.590
buildings that we're in filled actually
did pretty well, which is

422
00:29:24.590 --> 00:29:29.540
even though you are a filled steel
frames are on are not so great list

423
00:29:29.540 --> 00:29:34.430
today. Their performance wasn't as
terrible as as one might

424
00:29:34.430 --> 00:29:39.320
have guessed. There were lots of changes
that came out of San Francisco.

425
00:29:39.600 --> 00:29:44.450
You, it had huge fire impacts, but kind
of interesting little tidbit is the

426
00:29:45.110 --> 00:29:47.630
often decent performance of those
buildings.

427
00:29:48.980 --> 00:29:53.600
The 1923 Tokyo and 1925 Santa Barbara
earthquake

428
00:29:54.020 --> 00:29:58.190
led to some more modern analytical or
scientific changes.

429
00:29:58.190 --> 00:30:03.170
We began recordings, we started shake
tables, we developed

430
00:30:03.170 --> 00:30:08.030
the wonderful world of committees that
we now are ensconced in,

431
00:30:08.030 --> 00:30:09.530
of developing provisions.

432
00:30:09.530 --> 00:30:14.300
And then our first uniform building
code, which was a big deal, came after

433
00:30:14.300 --> 00:30:19.460
those two events the 1933 Long Beach
earthquake

434
00:30:19.760 --> 00:30:22.940
and, you know, in Southern California.

435
00:30:23.210 --> 00:30:28.160
Major impact in that because of the bad
performance

436
00:30:28.160 --> 00:30:33.080
of unreinforced masonry in California
was banned and it

437
00:30:33.080 --> 00:30:37.550
led to eventually the field act for
schools, which develop higher

438
00:30:37.550 --> 00:30:40.250
standards and requirements for public
schools.

439
00:30:41.690 --> 00:30:43.220
Kind of skipping ahead.

440
00:30:43.220 --> 00:30:47.900
Almost a couple of decades, there was a
major kind of in the

441
00:30:48.110 --> 00:30:52.700
in the sort of technical community
document called separate sixty

442
00:30:52.700 --> 00:30:57.560
six, which was a significant advance in
how

443
00:30:57.560 --> 00:31:00.920
we do seismic design that got
documented.

444
00:31:01.850 --> 00:31:06.650
The blue book, which is sort of the
commentary to the seismic code, the

445
00:31:06.650 --> 00:31:11.270
first one was in 1959, so that was
another kind of seminal event the

446
00:31:11.270 --> 00:31:16.040
beginning of the sea of blue box
anchorage earthquake.

447
00:31:16.040 --> 00:31:20.650
Huge earthquake in terms of seismic
demand had damage

448
00:31:20.840 --> 00:31:25.370
problems with reinforced concrete
detailing the San Fernando

449
00:31:25.370 --> 00:31:27.230
earthquake similar.

450
00:31:27.470 --> 00:31:32.360
And we had, you know, famous buildings
that were

451
00:31:32.360 --> 00:31:33.650
thought to be good ones.

452
00:31:33.660 --> 00:31:37.220
They were going to dissipate energy in a
soft story and they didn't.

453
00:31:37.220 --> 00:31:40.610
In fact, that soft story was, you know,
nearly catastrophic.

454
00:31:41.390 --> 00:31:46.340
So that led to major changes after the
San Fernando

455
00:31:46.340 --> 00:31:48.290
earthquake in a lot of things.

456
00:31:49.820 --> 00:31:54.350
Maybe the most significant research ever
done was the

457
00:31:54.350 --> 00:31:57.710
18th or applied development program.

458
00:31:57.710 --> 00:32:02.530
Ever done was the ATC 3 document, which
is sort of the

459
00:32:02.540 --> 00:32:07.220
modern, maybe the biggest modern advance
and how we did

460
00:32:07.220 --> 00:32:12.050
seismic design, and we're still living
with the benefits

461
00:32:12.050 --> 00:32:13.820
of that research effort.

462
00:32:16.310 --> 00:32:21.020
Then, you know, we've we have a list in
in the

463
00:32:21.440 --> 00:32:26.060
design examples of what happened after
some more

464
00:32:26.060 --> 00:32:30.800
modern earthquakes in the code, you
know, so an obvious one

465
00:32:30.800 --> 00:32:35.660
is after the 1994 Northridge earthquake
steel moment.

466
00:32:35.660 --> 00:32:37.490
Frame buildings did not do that well.

467
00:32:37.850 --> 00:32:42.680
And and so an enormous federally

468
00:32:42.680 --> 00:32:45.980
funded program, the SAC project, was
done to try and get to the bottom of

469
00:32:45.980 --> 00:32:50.930
that. That led to a number of really
good applied guideline development

470
00:32:50.930 --> 00:32:52.910
documents advice.

471
00:32:54.660 --> 00:32:59.310
Research programs and then ultimately
changes in the building code and

472
00:32:59.310 --> 00:33:04.080
changes in the way we do everything
really about moment frames came out of

473
00:33:04.080 --> 00:33:08.610
that. So that was a bit of a very short.

474
00:33:09.270 --> 00:33:14.190
But let's let's skip now to the history
and role of of the provisions

475
00:33:14.190 --> 00:33:18.960
themselves. So where do they fit on this
timeline that I was kind of

476
00:33:18.960 --> 00:33:20.490
giving you some highlights on?

477
00:33:20.490 --> 00:33:24.810
So we mentioned some of these things in
the background.

478
00:33:24.810 --> 00:33:28.200
So just to put it on kind of a
chronological scale, kind of beginning

479
00:33:28.200 --> 00:33:32.580
with the San Francisco earthquake and
the UBC and the field and Riley

480
00:33:33.030 --> 00:33:37.440
Blue book, you know, a lot of California
in here.

481
00:33:37.440 --> 00:33:41.460
So kind of the early development of
seismic design in America was

482
00:33:42.180 --> 00:33:44.100
predominantly California focused.

483
00:33:44.100 --> 00:33:49.090
But you begin to see in the in the
seventies, the

484
00:33:50.640 --> 00:33:53.630
the National Earthquake Hazards
Reduction Act was passed.

485
00:33:53.640 --> 00:33:54.870
We still have that today.

486
00:33:54.870 --> 00:33:59.280
It's it's the key way that that seismic
research and development is funded in

487
00:33:59.280 --> 00:34:01.940
America that that began in the late
seventies.

488
00:34:01.950 --> 00:34:06.690
The ATC three project funded by federal
government

489
00:34:06.690 --> 00:34:08.520
agencies, began at the end of that.

490
00:34:08.520 --> 00:34:13.050
So we're beginning a bit the transition
to a

491
00:34:13.050 --> 00:34:14.160
wider look.

492
00:34:14.550 --> 00:34:19.000
And and as we get into the eighties,
that's really come into play.

493
00:34:19.020 --> 00:34:23.640
So now the provisions themselves that we
were talking

494
00:34:23.640 --> 00:34:28.620
about began in 1985 and then

495
00:34:28.620 --> 00:34:31.290
evolved sort of on a three year time
scale.

496
00:34:31.290 --> 00:34:34.470
Now it's evolving on a five or six year
timescale.

497
00:34:35.460 --> 00:34:40.380
There was still the uniform building
code happening for a while and

498
00:34:40.380 --> 00:34:45.300
then with with the merging of the model
codes, that has sort

499
00:34:45.300 --> 00:34:50.070
of phased out. So now really, we're
we're looking with one National

500
00:34:50.070 --> 00:34:54.070
Code development effort that starts with
the provisions, then goes into

501
00:34:54.160 --> 00:34:58.740
AC-7. We're still taking advantage of
what we learn from earthquakes

502
00:34:58.950 --> 00:35:01.410
whenever big ones occur.

503
00:35:01.770 --> 00:35:04.350
And of course, we're taking advantage of
all the other things that I showed

504
00:35:04.350 --> 00:35:06.420
before with with research.

505
00:35:07.410 --> 00:35:12.390
So there's a history of what used to be
the yellow box, not the

506
00:35:12.390 --> 00:35:14.910
most aesthetically sexy look.

507
00:35:15.300 --> 00:35:17.540
So FEMA has evolved that over the years.

508
00:35:17.560 --> 00:35:20.460
Now we have a, you know, a slicker look.

509
00:35:20.470 --> 00:35:23.190
So the last one over there on the bottom
right?

510
00:35:24.460 --> 00:35:26.790
P. Twenty eighty two.

511
00:35:26.820 --> 00:35:30.600
That's that's our current version of the
provisions.

512
00:35:30.960 --> 00:35:34.770
But they have traditionally had, you
know, this two part provision

513
00:35:34.770 --> 00:35:39.600
commentary. And then eventually the
resource paper was was added in a

514
00:35:39.600 --> 00:35:40.740
few cycles ago.

515
00:35:41.520 --> 00:35:44.850
And we kind of like that organization
strategy.

516
00:35:44.850 --> 00:35:48.810
So I think that will probably continue,
although it will be up to the next

517
00:35:49.050 --> 00:35:52.680
PUC group, which is beginning

518
00:35:53.790 --> 00:35:58.590
this year, to decide if that's exactly
the way they're going to go or not.

519
00:36:00.040 --> 00:36:04.930
So what's what's been significant
recently that we

520
00:36:04.930 --> 00:36:09.820
have done with the 2020 year provisions
and almost everything that was in the

521
00:36:09.820 --> 00:36:12.880
2020 provisions has got into seven.

522
00:36:13.300 --> 00:36:16.360
The wording may have changed a little
bit. A small number of things that

523
00:36:16.360 --> 00:36:20.890
weren't adopted, but pretty much they're
very parallel documents.

524
00:36:20.890 --> 00:36:25.150
So when I say one, I essentially mean
the other as well.

525
00:36:27.110 --> 00:36:31.520
So this is an overreach, and I'm going
to go into details on most of these.

526
00:36:31.550 --> 00:36:36.110
So the ground motions, the site classes,
the way we

527
00:36:36.110 --> 00:36:40.040
determine spectral acceleration that we
use for design.

528
00:36:40.070 --> 00:36:44.810
That has been updated in a variety of
ways, and we'll show you some of

529
00:36:44.810 --> 00:36:49.610
those. Three new shear wall systems have
been added to one

530
00:36:49.610 --> 00:36:53.300
concrete on composite steel and concrete
and one clty.

531
00:36:55.430 --> 00:37:00.200
There are an expansion of the ways that
we can

532
00:37:00.200 --> 00:37:03.950
look at diaphragm design based on recent
research and thinking

533
00:37:05.150 --> 00:37:09.750
the modal response spectrum analysis
provisions.

534
00:37:09.770 --> 00:37:15.410
So the trigger for having to do dynamic
analysis

535
00:37:15.410 --> 00:37:20.150
and going beyond the equivalent lateral
force requirements

536
00:37:20.330 --> 00:37:21.560
has been relaxed.

537
00:37:22.190 --> 00:37:26.690
We have learned that actually building
is designed to yourself are generally

538
00:37:27.350 --> 00:37:31.430
performed better. Those requirements are
more severe, and we actually like the

539
00:37:31.430 --> 00:37:34.470
collapse probabilities that we're
getting out of those a little better.

540
00:37:34.490 --> 00:37:39.380
So this is a little bit of kind of
eating crow in a way.

541
00:37:39.380 --> 00:37:42.140
I mean, this was a requirement for many
years.

542
00:37:42.140 --> 00:37:46.430
We sort of fought doing response
spectrum would be give us better

543
00:37:46.430 --> 00:37:51.020
answers. And thus, you know, when when
things were a little weird, you needed

544
00:37:51.020 --> 00:37:54.790
to do that. We've now with much more
sophisticated analyses.

545
00:37:54.800 --> 00:37:58.790
Many groups over the last sort of five
years or so figured out that's not

546
00:37:58.790 --> 00:38:00.530
necessarily the case. You can still do
it.

547
00:38:00.530 --> 00:38:03.920
It's still beneficial, but it's not as
required as it used to be.

548
00:38:05.180 --> 00:38:08.960
Configuration irregularities plan and
vertical irregularities have have

549
00:38:08.960 --> 00:38:13.880
evolved based on recent research and a
very good applied

550
00:38:13.880 --> 00:38:18.500
technology council project that that was
invented by a number of code

551
00:38:18.500 --> 00:38:23.030
committees. Some changes in the way we
define and

552
00:38:23.030 --> 00:38:27.620
apply drift and displacement have have
evolved.

553
00:38:27.920 --> 00:38:32.660
There's some small changes in the non
building structures provisions.

554
00:38:33.140 --> 00:38:37.880
We've added some more specifics

555
00:38:37.880 --> 00:38:42.560
on our goals for reliability, not just
for the

556
00:38:42.560 --> 00:38:47.240
building which we already had, but for
individual members in the buildings, and

557
00:38:47.240 --> 00:38:51.470
how that differs for essential
facilities versus nonessential

558
00:38:51.470 --> 00:38:56.270
facilities. Seismic resiliency is a big
deal.

559
00:38:56.510 --> 00:38:58.610
Now it's here to stay.

560
00:38:58.640 --> 00:39:01.550
There's an enormous number of groups
looking at this.

561
00:39:01.550 --> 00:39:06.200
The next PUC and their provision cycle
will focus on this as

562
00:39:06.200 --> 00:39:10.820
well. We began that in the 2020
provisions

563
00:39:11.120 --> 00:39:16.010
by putting in a part three paper to talk
about that and we'll be taking it to the

564
00:39:16.010 --> 00:39:19.310
next steps, we hope and in a perfect
world.

565
00:39:19.550 --> 00:39:24.380
Having part one provisions at the end of
the next cycle, lateral earth

566
00:39:24.380 --> 00:39:28.730
pressures for seismic forces have long
been a controversial

567
00:39:28.730 --> 00:39:33.080
subject. In California, there's sort of
a Northern California Southern

568
00:39:33.080 --> 00:39:37.370
California split about the level of
conservatism that geotechnical engineers

569
00:39:37.370 --> 00:39:42.200
apply there. There's some kind of
groundbreaking new

570
00:39:42.200 --> 00:39:46.640
thinking that that professor at UCLA,
Jon Stewart, led

571
00:39:47.000 --> 00:39:51.740
that's embraced in a Part three paper
that we've put in the 2020

572
00:39:52.220 --> 00:39:54.080
part three portions.

573
00:39:54.560 --> 00:39:57.920
If any of you have used social structure
interaction provisions, you know that

574
00:39:57.920 --> 00:40:02.660
there's a very large number of very
seemingly similar

575
00:40:02.780 --> 00:40:05.480
types of shear wave velocities and other
things.

576
00:40:05.480 --> 00:40:08.510
We've tried to do a better job defining
that we haven't made any fundamental

577
00:40:08.510 --> 00:40:11.240
changes in the provisions themselves. We
just try to make them a little more

578
00:40:11.240 --> 00:40:16.130
coherent. Conversely, though, there's a
huge change in the way non

579
00:40:16.130 --> 00:40:21.020
structural components will be designed,
both in the

580
00:40:21.020 --> 00:40:23.360
forces that are used and all kinds of
other things.

581
00:40:23.360 --> 00:40:25.130
And I'll give you some highlights on
that.

582
00:40:25.520 --> 00:40:28.280
So that's sort of the whirlwind
overview.

583
00:40:28.280 --> 00:40:31.610
Let's let's look at some of these in a
little more detail now.

584
00:40:33.350 --> 00:40:36.260
So first, and this is a very big change.

585
00:40:36.920 --> 00:40:40.250
So this is the way we do spectra.

586
00:40:40.850 --> 00:40:45.680
So we have learned as a as an
engineering community and we've known

587
00:40:45.680 --> 00:40:48.310
this for a while, but it's really hard
to deal with.

588
00:40:48.320 --> 00:40:53.120
So in the last cycle that led to C seven
16, this was a known

589
00:40:53.120 --> 00:40:56.780
problem. There was what's called sort of
a bit of a Band-Aid fix.

590
00:40:56.790 --> 00:41:01.040
So if any of you have tried to deal with
the Chapter 11

591
00:41:01.040 --> 00:41:05.930
provisions in ASCE seven for Psych Class
D and E, you'll know what

592
00:41:05.930 --> 00:41:07.010
I'm talking about.

593
00:41:07.520 --> 00:41:12.410
The concern is this the concern is that
the two point specter

594
00:41:12.410 --> 00:41:17.180
where we use SDS and SD one to define a
curve

595
00:41:17.780 --> 00:41:23.210
are not necessarily conservative in
longer

596
00:41:23.210 --> 00:41:25.730
period softer soils.

597
00:41:26.630 --> 00:41:31.610
So, you know, you can see that over here
on the

598
00:41:31.610 --> 00:41:36.320
right, there's a lot of a lot of
envelope inspector on here, but you kind

599
00:41:36.320 --> 00:41:40.670
of see the evolution of what's what's
happening.

600
00:41:40.670 --> 00:41:45.620
So in ASCE 7-10, the red curve, you can
see how much

601
00:41:45.620 --> 00:41:47.400
lower it was. So San Mateo, California.

602
00:41:47.420 --> 00:41:49.100
This is very close to where I live.

603
00:41:50.030 --> 00:41:51.870
I'm near the San Andreas fault.

604
00:41:51.890 --> 00:41:56.480
This is the default soil class, so this
isn't even

605
00:41:56.480 --> 00:42:01.730
embracing yet the biggest possible
softest

606
00:42:01.730 --> 00:42:04.190
soil site one, but it's on the road
towards that.

607
00:42:04.190 --> 00:42:09.140
You can see that seven 16 noticeable
increase for this particular

608
00:42:09.140 --> 00:42:12.090
seismicity in this particular default
soil class.

609
00:42:12.110 --> 00:42:16.740
And then the 2020 NEHRP provisions,
which will be similar to the

610
00:42:17.270 --> 00:42:19.700
7-22, are even bigger.

611
00:42:22.160 --> 00:42:26.530
A little more refined look is on the
left, where you can see the influence of

612
00:42:26.530 --> 00:42:30.970
how one particular site

613
00:42:31.870 --> 00:42:36.890
seismicity. Changes, depending on what
size

614
00:42:36.890 --> 00:42:40.370
class you are and you will see if you
look carefully hot, there's a whole

615
00:42:40.370 --> 00:42:41.720
bunch of new psych classes.

616
00:42:41.720 --> 00:42:46.250
So new site classes have been added to
better

617
00:42:46.850 --> 00:42:51.410
slice and dice the differences of which
you can see and say a two

618
00:42:51.410 --> 00:42:56.120
seconds. There's a huge difference,
depending on which class you're on.

619
00:42:56.690 --> 00:43:00.020
So, you know you can go up here with the
Green Line.

620
00:43:00.020 --> 00:43:04.820
You're nearly 1.5 G and down here at at
the light

621
00:43:04.820 --> 00:43:06.650
blue one or dark blue one.

622
00:43:06.650 --> 00:43:09.350
You're you're a sixth of that.

623
00:43:09.350 --> 00:43:14.090
So in the long period range, dynamic
amplification and resonance of soft

624
00:43:14.090 --> 00:43:17.900
soils together with with the ground
motion is a very big deal.

625
00:43:18.220 --> 00:43:20.620
And it was kind of underrepresented.

626
00:43:21.110 --> 00:43:25.910
The effect based on more and more
recordings and better understanding of

627
00:43:25.910 --> 00:43:27.650
this in the longer period range.

628
00:43:28.130 --> 00:43:32.630
So it's a move now to go from two

629
00:43:32.630 --> 00:43:37.520
point to multipoint spectra and this is
going to

630
00:43:37.520 --> 00:43:39.050
be provided.

631
00:43:39.830 --> 00:43:44.350
For you for free on a

632
00:43:44.710 --> 00:43:48.860
on the website, so just as now you go
and you look up,

633
00:43:49.790 --> 00:43:53.960
you plug in your address, your plug in
your latitude and longitude and you're

634
00:43:53.960 --> 00:43:57.410
able to get values.

635
00:43:58.580 --> 00:44:03.410
You'll be able to do that now, and
you'll only have to

636
00:44:03.410 --> 00:44:07.040
plug in the psych class so you won't
have to convert anymore.

637
00:44:07.070 --> 00:44:10.280
These spectra will come to you for free.

638
00:44:10.280 --> 00:44:15.170
So the FAA and fee terms that we use to
modify the the starting points, those

639
00:44:15.170 --> 00:44:17.730
will be embedded in this.

640
00:44:17.780 --> 00:44:22.670
The algorithms that are in, you know, a
publicly available website.

641
00:44:23.180 --> 00:44:24.390
So it'll do it for you.

642
00:44:24.410 --> 00:44:28.550
So in a way, even though there's more
site classes, there's more points, which

643
00:44:28.550 --> 00:44:30.050
sounds more complicated.

644
00:44:30.440 --> 00:44:32.480
You actually get it for free.

645
00:44:32.810 --> 00:44:37.790
So it's it's it's handed to you and it's
been vetted by

646
00:44:37.790 --> 00:44:42.320
the USGS, and it's effectively the
equivalent of almost a site specific

647
00:44:42.320 --> 00:44:46.130
spectra. So we've moved to that.

648
00:44:46.130 --> 00:44:47.870
So that's a major change.

649
00:44:48.230 --> 00:44:53.180
And and it has affected many chapters
and maybe is one of the biggest changes

650
00:44:53.180 --> 00:44:58.130
to the the new code three new Cherwell
systems I mentioned

651
00:44:58.130 --> 00:45:02.900
before. Here are some images taken from
the references

652
00:45:02.900 --> 00:45:06.860
down below. So we've got on the left.

653
00:45:07.680 --> 00:45:12.660
Reinforced concrete ductile coupled
walls, so the big deal here

654
00:45:12.660 --> 00:45:16.590
is even though people have been coupling
walls for a long time, we now have

655
00:45:16.590 --> 00:45:21.030
codified provisions about what exactly
that coupling beam needs to

656
00:45:21.030 --> 00:45:26.100
be in between those piers and and an R
factor

657
00:45:26.100 --> 00:45:29.430
that goes along with that based on
research and FEMA.

658
00:45:29.630 --> 00:45:34.320
Six ninety five studies of collapse
potential.

659
00:45:34.650 --> 00:45:39.270
And that's kind of the new standard of
care and vetting these systems as it has

660
00:45:39.270 --> 00:45:42.930
to be run through that fairly involved
process.

661
00:45:42.930 --> 00:45:47.250
So some researchers have done that, and
the code committees have accepted that.

662
00:45:47.790 --> 00:45:52.590
After thorough peer review, the one in
the middle is a combination

663
00:45:52.590 --> 00:45:57.390
of of composite steel plates on the
outside, which are then filled

664
00:45:57.390 --> 00:46:02.340
with concrete inside, and that also has
a defined

665
00:46:02.340 --> 00:46:07.290
provisions for the geometry and and a
specific R value that goes with

666
00:46:07.290 --> 00:46:12.090
it. A lot of people are using cross
laminated

667
00:46:12.090 --> 00:46:16.740
timber for various things floors, roofs,
but it's

668
00:46:16.740 --> 00:46:18.690
also a lateral system.

669
00:46:19.130 --> 00:46:22.840
And that is based on research and has
been vetted.

670
00:46:22.860 --> 00:46:27.060
There's a couple of different flavors of
it, depending on aspect ratios, but you

671
00:46:27.060 --> 00:46:31.740
can see there's plenty of buildings now
that are starting to be built with this,

672
00:46:32.370 --> 00:46:36.990
and it's a cost competitive system now
with kind of its concrete

673
00:46:36.990 --> 00:46:41.500
competitor. Diaphragms, so there's a lot
of

674
00:46:41.500 --> 00:46:46.300
diaphragm provisions in the building
code, beginning with AC seven, we'll

675
00:46:46.300 --> 00:46:50.590
call that the traditional design methods
that we're probably all pretty familiar

676
00:46:50.590 --> 00:46:52.780
with in the seven 16.

677
00:46:53.200 --> 00:46:56.770
There were what were called alternative
design provisions that were added that

678
00:46:57.010 --> 00:47:01.870
we thought were better for specific
systems and you could

679
00:47:01.870 --> 00:47:03.510
use those they're more involved.

680
00:47:03.520 --> 00:47:05.860
It's a more complicated effort to do
them.

681
00:47:05.860 --> 00:47:09.610
But but the feeling was this would give
you a more accurate answer and usually

682
00:47:09.610 --> 00:47:11.680
would be less restrictive.

683
00:47:12.400 --> 00:47:14.410
We've added some additional

684
00:47:16.360 --> 00:47:19.180
alternatives for now.

685
00:47:19.870 --> 00:47:24.460
Bare steel deck and concrete filled
steel deck

686
00:47:24.460 --> 00:47:28.600
diaphragms, as well as rigid wall
flexible diaphragms.

687
00:47:28.600 --> 00:47:30.820
That's what that are WFD term.

688
00:47:31.000 --> 00:47:35.170
So a big box warehouse that has tilt up
walls and wood

689
00:47:35.170 --> 00:47:37.390
diaphragms. It's one story.

690
00:47:37.390 --> 00:47:41.590
We have specific provisions that are
tailored to that building type now.

691
00:47:43.390 --> 00:47:47.530
I mentioned the relaxation and response
spectrum analysis.

692
00:47:47.530 --> 00:47:50.650
So here is that table.

693
00:47:50.650 --> 00:47:55.510
That said, if you had

694
00:47:55.510 --> 00:47:59.500
one of these things, then you could do
all three systems.

695
00:47:59.500 --> 00:48:02.920
But if you didn't have one of them, so
there are a lot of buildings that didn't

696
00:48:03.790 --> 00:48:07.690
have all of these that weren't light
frame construction that weren't risk

697
00:48:07.690 --> 00:48:12.160
category two that weren't this or that
that would end up triggering

698
00:48:12.220 --> 00:48:14.920
dynamic analysis that has been
eliminated.

699
00:48:15.250 --> 00:48:19.990
So it's simpler now you now have your
choice of

700
00:48:19.990 --> 00:48:24.790
of equivalent lateral model response
spectrum or the somewhat

701
00:48:24.790 --> 00:48:27.490
rarely used linear response history
analysis.

702
00:48:27.500 --> 00:48:32.050
You can certainly, as you always have
been able to do for those few buildings

703
00:48:32.050 --> 00:48:36.700
to do it. Nonlinear response system
analysis No major changes in the

704
00:48:36.700 --> 00:48:41.740
nonlinear response history chapter,
diaphragms

705
00:48:41.740 --> 00:48:45.880
and and the displacements they see

706
00:48:46.690 --> 00:48:49.660
or look at in a fair amount of detail.

707
00:48:49.660 --> 00:48:52.060
There were some code provisions that did
not pass.

708
00:48:52.810 --> 00:48:57.640
There wasn't enough consensus, but there
was a feeling that the

709
00:48:57.640 --> 00:49:02.080
terminology we use and some of the
specifics could be improved.

710
00:49:02.080 --> 00:49:06.370
And the more we looked into it, the more
we realized how many

711
00:49:06.610 --> 00:49:10.720
tricky provisions there are and which
ones go with which.

712
00:49:10.720 --> 00:49:15.100
So one of the nice things that was done
in the commentary is

713
00:49:15.100 --> 00:49:19.960
to talk about the different kinds of
deformations at the

714
00:49:19.960 --> 00:49:24.040
center of rigidity, at the edges,

715
00:49:24.640 --> 00:49:29.410
at design earthquake levels, at IMSI
levels, which things apply to which

716
00:49:30.430 --> 00:49:31.920
requirements in the code.

717
00:49:31.930 --> 00:49:36.460
So I think that even though it hasn't
led to major code changes, although

718
00:49:36.460 --> 00:49:41.320
there are a few changes, if there's a
nice, nifty commentary that's been put

719
00:49:41.320 --> 00:49:46.090
together that I've actually forwarded to
people, I've been peer reviewing in a

720
00:49:46.090 --> 00:49:49.810
couple of cases to kind of help
illustrate the issue at hand.

721
00:49:49.820 --> 00:49:52.150
So I think that's a nice advance.

722
00:49:52.190 --> 00:49:56.650
I'm always a fan of kind of detailed
commentaries when we have tricky issues

723
00:49:56.650 --> 00:50:01.300
like this on building structures,
coupled

724
00:50:01.300 --> 00:50:05.740
systems, you know, and here's an example
you've got this this

725
00:50:05.740 --> 00:50:09.880
stack on the left with a big deck that
goes into the tower.

726
00:50:10.150 --> 00:50:14.920
So in the industrial world, you get some
wild things and there are some,

727
00:50:15.370 --> 00:50:17.290
some new requirements in there.

728
00:50:17.400 --> 00:50:19.660
They're not dramatic changes.

729
00:50:20.230 --> 00:50:24.100
There are some corrugated steel tank
provisions that weren't in there before

730
00:50:24.130 --> 00:50:27.700
that. They're now provisions for in
Chapter 15

731
00:50:29.950 --> 00:50:31.360
reliability targets.

732
00:50:31.360 --> 00:50:36.010
So at the front end of the provisions
and in the commentary to

733
00:50:36.960 --> 00:50:41.380
see seven, in some cases there are
expected

734
00:50:41.380 --> 00:50:45.480
probabilities of collapse in different
events.

735
00:50:45.490 --> 00:50:50.440
And so that top one is

736
00:50:50.590 --> 00:50:52.270
probably collapses the building.

737
00:50:52.270 --> 00:50:56.920
Now there's a table at the bottom right
there about failure of key

738
00:50:56.920 --> 00:50:59.260
members of the systems.

739
00:50:59.260 --> 00:51:02.350
Given certain types.

740
00:51:02.350 --> 00:51:07.180
This is this is a judgment based
decision about

741
00:51:07.180 --> 00:51:10.390
the goals here, and it's and it's new.

742
00:51:11.680 --> 00:51:16.480
There's also some discussion about the
reliability of loss of

743
00:51:16.480 --> 00:51:20.050
function now if you're in a risk
category for a building like a hospital

744
00:51:20.050 --> 00:51:22.000
or fire station.

745
00:51:23.650 --> 00:51:28.090
I mentioned that retaining wall design
that used to use classical

746
00:51:28.090 --> 00:51:29.790
methods. Aren't there?

747
00:51:29.800 --> 00:51:34.210
Those are known to be flawed in if you
go with sort of

748
00:51:34.210 --> 00:51:38.530
basic seismological theory and how the
Earth and the.

749
00:51:38.620 --> 00:51:43.420
While in Iraq, we've used them as a
means to an end for decades.

750
00:51:43.930 --> 00:51:48.190
We're getting to the point and perhaps
in the next edition of the code, we'll

751
00:51:48.190 --> 00:51:51.580
have a better, more accurate way to do
that.

752
00:51:51.580 --> 00:51:56.530
The Part three paper has has an example
of that thought process and

753
00:51:56.530 --> 00:51:57.850
how it can be applied.

754
00:51:58.540 --> 00:52:02.440
So I feel that's the way to the future
and trying to reconcile these

755
00:52:02.440 --> 00:52:07.990
differences of opinion and may lead to
relaxation

756
00:52:07.990 --> 00:52:10.120
of some requirements, comparatively.

757
00:52:11.580 --> 00:52:16.290
So the last one is non-structural
seismic design and

758
00:52:16.560 --> 00:52:21.120
how we do that, so I'm showing at the
top here the

759
00:52:21.120 --> 00:52:24.330
non-structural basic design equation.

760
00:52:24.330 --> 00:52:28.140
So point four SDS, that's sort of our
input motion from the ground

761
00:52:29.250 --> 00:52:31.440
zero, which is the height of the
building.

762
00:52:31.440 --> 00:52:36.330
So we're up. If we're up at the roof,
it's h over h two times one becomes two

763
00:52:36.330 --> 00:52:40.230
plus one is three. So there's an
increase of a factor of three from what

764
00:52:40.230 --> 00:52:44.250
the ground does up to the roof in the
current code.

765
00:52:44.250 --> 00:52:49.230
And then we have the AP, which is a
dynamic amplification effect due

766
00:52:49.230 --> 00:52:54.150
to resonance of the component and the
shaking

767
00:52:54.150 --> 00:52:58.620
floor. And then we have its sort of
component gentility effect, R.P., which

768
00:52:58.620 --> 00:53:02.610
is a little bit like the R that we use
for the main building lateral system and

769
00:53:02.610 --> 00:53:04.200
then its important factor.

770
00:53:04.680 --> 00:53:09.630
So we have not changed that fundamental
concept that makes

771
00:53:09.630 --> 00:53:13.170
good sense from a technical point of
view of what

772
00:53:14.070 --> 00:53:15.670
components feel.

773
00:53:15.690 --> 00:53:18.330
So the input motion, we haven't changed
at all.

774
00:53:19.080 --> 00:53:23.940
We have renamed and we have added some
effects and we have changed values,

775
00:53:23.940 --> 00:53:28.500
and it's based on a significant amount
of of fancy analytical

776
00:53:28.500 --> 00:53:33.810
research. But we now still have a factor
called

777
00:53:34.200 --> 00:53:38.460
F that addresses how the

778
00:53:38.460 --> 00:53:43.380
floor acceleration versus

779
00:53:43.380 --> 00:53:44.820
the ground acceleration.

780
00:53:44.820 --> 00:53:45.860
What is that ratio?

781
00:53:45.870 --> 00:53:47.810
So that's the yellow thing above.

782
00:53:47.820 --> 00:53:50.670
We've made it a little more accurate
now.

783
00:53:50.790 --> 00:53:54.510
We have included a building tactility
effect.

784
00:53:54.510 --> 00:53:58.050
So in the current seven 16, not current
anymore.

785
00:53:58.050 --> 00:54:03.090
The the last 7:16 equation, we don't
have

786
00:54:03.090 --> 00:54:06.780
it. There's no blue in here, there's no
building. So you get whether you have

787
00:54:07.110 --> 00:54:10.830
your wiggling non structural component
and a Cherwell building a wood frame,

788
00:54:10.830 --> 00:54:13.050
building a steel frame doesn't make any
difference.

789
00:54:13.650 --> 00:54:18.360
Technically, totally wrong, and there's
plenty of analysis and

790
00:54:18.360 --> 00:54:19.530
research to show that.

791
00:54:19.530 --> 00:54:23.580
So we we have brought in the building
into this

792
00:54:23.970 --> 00:54:26.370
and and that effect.

793
00:54:26.460 --> 00:54:30.690
We've tried to do it in a pretty simple
way, I would say is a big deal.

794
00:54:32.100 --> 00:54:36.760
We still have a influence of resonance
and component

795
00:54:36.760 --> 00:54:40.440
deductibility. It's a little more
sophisticated now, and we have a

796
00:54:40.470 --> 00:54:45.450
overstretching factor that is explicitly
in there that was

797
00:54:45.450 --> 00:54:48.180
buried before in the RPE factor.

798
00:54:48.570 --> 00:54:51.360
So let's talk about those in a little
more detail.

799
00:54:52.260 --> 00:54:57.720
So this is the influence of the building
on

800
00:54:58.530 --> 00:55:03.510
and in its period on what happens as you
go up the height of

801
00:55:03.510 --> 00:55:08.430
the building and and also the the

802
00:55:08.430 --> 00:55:09.690
nature of the building.

803
00:55:09.690 --> 00:55:14.250
So you've got sort of a cantilever
system here in a moment frame system on

804
00:55:14.250 --> 00:55:18.360
the right and you can see how on the
right

805
00:55:18.780 --> 00:55:23.720
the. The curves are more straight lines,
so this is

806
00:55:24.230 --> 00:55:28.580
what's on the vertical axis is the floor
acceleration.

807
00:55:28.580 --> 00:55:33.320
So at the bottom, we're starting at one
and then we go up.

808
00:55:33.320 --> 00:55:38.240
So right now in the current in seven 16,
it's a factor of

809
00:55:38.240 --> 00:55:41.320
three. So that's like this blue curve.

810
00:55:41.330 --> 00:55:45.950
So that would be a short period steel
moment frame building kind of shows that

811
00:55:45.950 --> 00:55:48.200
effect from the research.

812
00:55:48.200 --> 00:55:53.030
But interestingly, the red line here
kind of goes straight up.

813
00:55:53.030 --> 00:55:57.830
So if you have a long period steel
moment frame building, we don't actually

814
00:55:57.830 --> 00:55:59.960
see that three times amplification.

815
00:55:59.960 --> 00:56:04.190
And if you're designing for it, you're
over designing based on research and

816
00:56:04.190 --> 00:56:07.190
analysis. So we've captured that effect
now.

817
00:56:07.400 --> 00:56:11.720
You can also see on the left when it is
more of a sure, well, system that's

818
00:56:11.720 --> 00:56:13.550
leaning over like a cantilever.

819
00:56:13.610 --> 00:56:17.630
You get more of a whipping action
amplification as you go up.

820
00:56:17.630 --> 00:56:21.020
It's not a straight line, it kind of
goes up and then it gets bad at the top.

821
00:56:21.650 --> 00:56:25.940
So that's that was captured from some
research that Professor Miranda and one

822
00:56:25.940 --> 00:56:30.470
of his grad students did and is now kind
of been brought

823
00:56:30.470 --> 00:56:34.970
into the code and it's been brought in
in this way.

824
00:56:35.000 --> 00:56:37.660
So we can see these families have
curves.

825
00:56:37.670 --> 00:56:41.630
They depend on just z over age and the
period.

826
00:56:41.720 --> 00:56:46.160
So not too hard to do the same
fundamental period equation that you're

827
00:56:46.160 --> 00:56:47.360
used to using.

828
00:56:47.600 --> 00:56:50.110
That's to plug that in.

829
00:56:50.120 --> 00:56:53.720
That gives you these A1A two factors the
height of the building.

830
00:56:53.720 --> 00:56:57.560
You know where you are. So it's not hard
to do when you have the tools without

831
00:56:58.550 --> 00:57:00.110
much to go on.

832
00:57:01.610 --> 00:57:06.740
We also know that and this is sort of a
kind

833
00:57:06.740 --> 00:57:11.390
of a very impressive example of same
lollipop

834
00:57:11.390 --> 00:57:14.520
single degree of freedom oscillator
sitting on a floor.

835
00:57:14.570 --> 00:57:18.620
So this is a non structural component
that's wiggling back and forth on the

836
00:57:19.670 --> 00:57:21.040
fifth floor of a building.

837
00:57:21.050 --> 00:57:25.610
If we put it in this reinforced concrete
shear wall building and we run through a

838
00:57:25.610 --> 00:57:26.690
bunch of records.

839
00:57:26.690 --> 00:57:28.960
So these are these are instrumental
recordings.

840
00:57:28.970 --> 00:57:32.430
These are real things that have gone
through earthquakes. We can see that due

841
00:57:32.430 --> 00:57:37.190
to the nature of the period and geometry
of

842
00:57:37.190 --> 00:57:41.900
that building's lateral system at that
half second oscillator

843
00:57:41.910 --> 00:57:46.820
period, there was the component peak
component acceleration divided

844
00:57:46.820 --> 00:57:50.030
by PGA increased by a factor of six.

845
00:57:50.040 --> 00:57:55.040
If they put that same one in at the same
site

846
00:57:55.040 --> 00:57:58.580
with the same component in a steel
moment frame building.

847
00:57:58.880 --> 00:58:00.210
It's only a factor of three.

848
00:58:00.230 --> 00:58:04.640
So the building and its lateral system,
its billing periods, there

849
00:58:04.820 --> 00:58:09.560
is not just analytical evidence that
this is an issue, and there's a pretty

850
00:58:09.560 --> 00:58:10.660
significant difference.

851
00:58:10.670 --> 00:58:14.300
There are recorded records showing this
effect as well.

852
00:58:15.820 --> 00:58:20.680
So building tactility was embraced by
this simple equation, so if you

853
00:58:20.680 --> 00:58:24.130
know your if you know your lateral
system, you got it or you got a mega

854
00:58:24.130 --> 00:58:27.430
knot, you can figure out what the
deductibility is.

855
00:58:27.430 --> 00:58:29.740
This arm you and that goes in the
denominator.

856
00:58:29.740 --> 00:58:33.550
So the more tactility, the more ductile
you're building

857
00:58:34.360 --> 00:58:39.010
the, the lower the non structural forces
and think of the

858
00:58:39.010 --> 00:58:41.950
building is a bit of a fuse that's
filtering.

859
00:58:41.950 --> 00:58:46.360
So if we yield the building earlier
because it has a lot of tactility,

860
00:58:46.960 --> 00:58:51.100
it's less able to transmit the ground
shaking through the building to the

861
00:58:51.100 --> 00:58:54.760
component. So it makes intuitive sense
and it's borne out by the research.

862
00:58:56.860 --> 00:59:01.720
Another big thing that we did through
the code committee effort

863
00:59:02.110 --> 00:59:07.030
was to do a better job of defining
different kinds of

864
00:59:07.030 --> 00:59:09.550
nonstructural components in the way they
work.

865
00:59:10.240 --> 00:59:11.320
So we've got.

866
00:59:12.260 --> 00:59:16.940
Like a tank here that has integral
supplied by the manufacturer

867
00:59:16.940 --> 00:59:21.950
typically supports and there's design
provisions

868
00:59:21.950 --> 00:59:26.840
for that. If those legs get really tall,
it could turn

869
00:59:26.840 --> 00:59:31.610
into sort of a tank on a moment frame
and you move out of

870
00:59:31.610 --> 00:59:34.090
this into a different set of criteria.

871
00:59:34.100 --> 00:59:38.420
You might have a series of things on top
of a platform.

872
00:59:39.530 --> 00:59:43.370
And then we obviously have distribution
systems, whether it's electrical or

873
00:59:43.370 --> 00:59:44.900
plumbing or mechanical.

874
00:59:45.140 --> 00:59:49.580
And we've created these classes because
we're going to

875
00:59:49.580 --> 00:59:53.750
have we realized that there are
different

876
00:59:54.200 --> 00:59:58.250
design provision needs for

877
00:59:59.360 --> 01:00:02.120
the brace versus the pipe?

878
01:00:02.540 --> 01:00:06.980
Currently, the pipe and the brace are
designed for the same forces.

879
01:00:06.980 --> 01:00:11.600
But if you had a tension rod system or
you had an x ray system or you had a

880
01:00:11.600 --> 01:00:14.600
moment frame system that was racing the
pipe.

881
01:00:15.720 --> 01:00:18.460
That was not accounted for in AC 716.

882
01:00:18.480 --> 01:00:22.110
It now is and it makes a lot more
technical sense, we haven't made it very

883
01:00:22.110 --> 01:00:25.560
complicated, so we didn't create a
zillion classes which just have a

884
01:00:25.560 --> 01:00:30.240
couple, but I think it's a much more
rational way to do

885
01:00:30.240 --> 01:00:34.890
things. The non linear

886
01:00:34.890 --> 01:00:38.580
response history analysis provisions for
non structural elements, which are used

887
01:00:38.580 --> 01:00:42.180
pretty rarely have evolved to be
compatible with this.

888
01:00:42.930 --> 01:00:47.310
We've gotten a little more precise to be
less confusing on the terminology for

889
01:00:47.320 --> 01:00:48.510
omega values.

890
01:00:49.230 --> 01:00:54.180
Some small modifications to the
categories in the

891
01:00:54.180 --> 01:00:59.070
architectural and the MEP tables for non
structural we've we've had to

892
01:00:59.700 --> 01:01:04.650
adapt them for the new terminology, but
not too many.

893
01:01:05.460 --> 01:01:09.420
You know, additions or deletions from
that table, so the same categories

894
01:01:09.420 --> 01:01:13.110
you're used to just you pull out a
different value and you put it into this

895
01:01:13.110 --> 01:01:17.100
updated equation. But the idea of how
you do design is hasn't changed.

896
01:01:19.570 --> 01:01:24.450
Some scope requirements of what's in and
not included for design,

897
01:01:24.460 --> 01:01:28.570
we now have been done a better job of
what was a confusing issue before about

898
01:01:28.570 --> 01:01:31.270
which load combinations and do you have?

899
01:01:31.580 --> 01:01:34.840
You have to do the hundred and thirty
provisions or not for non-structural.

900
01:01:34.960 --> 01:01:36.370
We got that covered now.

901
01:01:36.850 --> 01:01:40.630
We've made it compatible with Chapter 15
in terms of

902
01:01:41.050 --> 01:01:45.070
when, if it's a really, really big
component, what happens?

903
01:01:45.160 --> 01:01:50.020
We added some explicit penthouse
requirements, which was

904
01:01:50.020 --> 01:01:52.970
always sort of a tricky thing to deal
with.

905
01:01:52.990 --> 01:01:57.850
We have still permitted people to use,
say, an ordinary

906
01:01:57.850 --> 01:01:59.740
braced frame in the system.

907
01:01:59.740 --> 01:02:03.610
We've just gotten more clear and
explicit about the design requirements

908
01:02:03.610 --> 01:02:05.740
for penthouse lateral systems.

909
01:02:06.640 --> 01:02:09.190
Ok, so I'm going to take a break there.

910
01:02:09.190 --> 01:02:14.170
And if we have any questions at this
point, JQ, then then

911
01:02:14.170 --> 01:02:16.560
I'll take a break.

912
01:02:16.630 --> 01:02:21.040
Thank you. So we do have a few
questions.

913
01:02:21.550 --> 01:02:24.400
Most questions is about where to
download the slides.

914
01:02:25.100 --> 01:02:27.130
Ok, so our pretty, pretty quickly.

915
01:02:27.130 --> 01:02:31.660
So in the beginning, in the chat, we
shared a web page.

916
01:02:31.700 --> 01:02:36.040
It's called names dot org slash PSC Hash
Tag

917
01:02:36.040 --> 01:02:40.930
Resources. Over there, we can download
the three volume document

918
01:02:40.930 --> 01:02:45.580
that puts breath in my time mentioned
for presentation that would be chapter

919
01:02:45.580 --> 01:02:49.870
one in wanting to see that we will

920
01:02:49.870 --> 01:02:55.210
also upload the the slides in the
webinar

921
01:02:55.240 --> 01:02:56.470
web page later on.

922
01:02:56.590 --> 01:03:00.160
So we'll also send out emails with a
direct link to download the

923
01:03:00.160 --> 01:03:03.670
presentation, so that answers many of
those questions.

924
01:03:03.790 --> 01:03:05.350
But we do have a two questions.

925
01:03:05.920 --> 01:03:11.380
One question is asking for the
performance

926
01:03:11.620 --> 01:03:15.220
goals you mentioned in the template one
of the new provisions.

927
01:03:16.420 --> 01:03:20.620
The question is, does the code from
other countries have a comparable or

928
01:03:20.620 --> 01:03:25.240
different emphasis on the performance
regarding the lab safety and the damage

929
01:03:25.240 --> 01:03:25.750
reduction?

930
01:03:28.150 --> 01:03:33.070
So, so the question, I can't see these
questions at my end for some

931
01:03:33.070 --> 01:03:34.420
reason. Are they?

932
01:03:34.660 --> 01:03:36.660
Are they not in the chat or are they in
some?

933
01:03:36.820 --> 01:03:38.560
Oh, they're in Q&A? Maybe, do they?

934
01:03:39.280 --> 01:03:40.450
I see. Ok.

935
01:03:42.210 --> 01:03:43.250
Oh, yeah. Good question.

936
01:03:43.290 --> 01:03:49.290
So I don't think I have a a a
knowledgeable,

937
01:03:50.040 --> 01:03:52.320
precise answer to that question.

938
01:03:52.920 --> 01:03:55.170
The the U.S.

939
01:03:55.200 --> 01:03:59.520
codes are often used by other countries
as a starting

940
01:03:59.520 --> 01:04:02.760
point, but U.S.

941
01:04:02.760 --> 01:04:07.650
code developers also look to other to
the sort of

942
01:04:07.650 --> 01:04:12.090
more advanced seismic design provision
countries like New

943
01:04:12.090 --> 01:04:16.260
Zealand, Japan, few other places

944
01:04:16.260 --> 01:04:20.070
for comparisons.

945
01:04:20.070 --> 01:04:24.990
So it's it's not a I wouldn't say it's a
it's certainly

946
01:04:24.990 --> 01:04:27.510
not a formal process of comparison.

947
01:04:28.140 --> 01:04:30.390
It could probably be a more detailed
one.

948
01:04:30.400 --> 01:04:35.190
It's a suggestion people have made in
proving the way

949
01:04:35.190 --> 01:04:36.360
codes are developed.

950
01:04:37.770 --> 01:04:42.750
I do think, though, that there are some
things are pretty similar.

951
01:04:42.750 --> 01:04:47.010
So this this idea of of allowing
tactility and

952
01:04:47.010 --> 01:04:51.630
damage is is for, you know, at least
your

953
01:04:51.660 --> 01:04:55.350
everyday kind of typical building is
widely agreed on.

954
01:04:55.470 --> 01:04:59.070
But the amount of damage that you

955
01:05:00.900 --> 01:05:04.770
that you allow or at least that you
believe you're lying does definitely

956
01:05:04.770 --> 01:05:08.970
differ. So, you know, the kind of

957
01:05:09.690 --> 01:05:14.250
theory on Japan is that the claim was
they were designing for higher

958
01:05:14.910 --> 01:05:19.860
level and less higher level force and
lower level of tactility at

959
01:05:19.860 --> 01:05:22.410
one point in their history compared to
U.S.

960
01:05:22.410 --> 01:05:26.610
standards. This becomes a very tricky
thing to compare and contrast when when

961
01:05:26.670 --> 01:05:30.090
the provisions are, it's like you're
comparing apples to oranges.

962
01:05:30.420 --> 01:05:33.960
This is kind of a hard question to
answer, but I but I do think if you

963
01:05:33.960 --> 01:05:38.550
really tried to dig in and do it, you
know, and compared its standard in the

964
01:05:38.550 --> 01:05:43.440
U.S. with Y Standard and Japan or New
Zealand, you would definitely find some

965
01:05:44.490 --> 01:05:49.350
differences. And and you know, they're
developed by different

966
01:05:49.350 --> 01:05:53.520
people. And so that that just is sort of
the nature of the beast.

967
01:05:54.440 --> 01:05:56.670
So but I don't know, you can see the
questions now,

968
01:05:56.670 --> 01:05:57.510
But I can.

969
01:05:57.520 --> 01:06:01.640
Yeah, through a question related to the
country level, the muscular response

970
01:06:01.640 --> 01:06:06.060
spectrum. All related, first of all, is
the new

971
01:06:06.630 --> 01:06:11.400
subclass in the 07:16 corresponds to the
seven 2022.

972
01:06:13.650 --> 01:06:16.320
Yes and no. So we have.

973
01:06:16.860 --> 01:06:20.970
Well, I guess the short answer is not
exactly.

974
01:06:21.270 --> 01:06:22.740
It's a little bit different.

975
01:06:22.740 --> 01:06:26.030
It's kind of a complicated question to
answer, but it's slightly different.

976
01:06:26.040 --> 01:06:31.000
The idea of it's the same, but now you
take the worst of of

977
01:06:31.020 --> 01:06:35.160
three for every period of interest.

978
01:06:35.370 --> 01:06:38.160
So it's a little it's a little more
complicated.

979
01:06:38.160 --> 01:06:40.920
We're trying to make it. We're trying to
envelope things a little better. So

980
01:06:40.920 --> 01:06:45.780
because we have more psych classes that
needed to evolve

981
01:06:45.780 --> 01:06:49.980
a little bit. But in in the basic
intent, it's not that different.

982
01:06:51.090 --> 01:06:55.950
They're also asking us to test one
experience go

983
01:06:55.950 --> 01:06:58.250
away with a marketer's response.

984
01:06:59.340 --> 01:07:00.600
Not entirely.

985
01:07:00.690 --> 01:07:05.310
So there are places where at the at the
current

986
01:07:05.310 --> 01:07:09.390
time, USGS has not fully

987
01:07:09.390 --> 01:07:14.640
developed the complete multi point
spectra

988
01:07:14.640 --> 01:07:16.680
for places around the world.

989
01:07:16.690 --> 01:07:19.260
And so if you're trying like if you're a
U.S.

990
01:07:19.260 --> 01:07:24.020
government, you know, defense agency and
your your

991
01:07:24.030 --> 01:07:28.770
site is somewhere where the USGS hasn't
developed that, then we've retained that

992
01:07:28.770 --> 01:07:32.150
process. It is not the preferred way to
go.

993
01:07:32.160 --> 01:07:36.750
So if there is an available multi point
spectrum, which

994
01:07:37.140 --> 01:07:41.760
all across the United States there is,
then then that's the route we go.

995
01:07:41.770 --> 01:07:46.230
So we needed to keep the old one for the
places that don't have this

996
01:07:46.230 --> 01:07:48.690
yet as as the backup route.

997
01:07:48.930 --> 01:07:53.910
But, you know, at least for me that I'm
hardly ever, if at all, going to

998
01:07:53.910 --> 01:07:54.510
use that.

999
01:07:55.150 --> 01:07:58.350
But I think we've put it can take two or
three more questions that we move

1000
01:07:58.350 --> 01:08:03.090
forward. So next next question related
asking why would the

1001
01:08:03.090 --> 01:08:07.740
engineer chooses to point spectre the
old way versus the new

1002
01:08:08.130 --> 01:08:09.000
multi-year spectrum?

1003
01:08:09.360 --> 01:08:10.890
They wouldn't be permitted to.

1004
01:08:11.490 --> 01:08:14.790
So if if the if I'm remembering this
right.

1005
01:08:14.790 --> 01:08:17.520
So if the multi point is available, you
have to do

1006
01:08:19.300 --> 01:08:22.600
The math on that basically is your
specific mine for it.

1007
01:08:22.680 --> 01:08:24.960
Use case is higher again.

1008
01:08:26.100 --> 01:08:30.810
The other question is for the Chapter 13
by this question from Brett

1009
01:08:30.990 --> 01:08:33.090
Maxfield for Chapter 13.

1010
01:08:33.900 --> 01:08:38.640
If the rooftop component period matches
the burden period, will there be

1011
01:08:38.640 --> 01:08:41.130
a resonance?

1012
01:08:41.480 --> 01:08:45.620
The significant increased load of
components to the new provisions address

1013
01:08:45.620 --> 01:08:49.100
this. How do these activity affect the
answer?

1014
01:08:49.610 --> 01:08:50.960
Yeah, great question.

1015
01:08:50.970 --> 01:08:55.910
So the the effect of or

1016
01:08:55.910 --> 01:09:00.050
the the interrelationship between the
period of the

1017
01:09:00.050 --> 01:09:04.370
component and the period of the building
and as they get closer

1018
01:09:04.370 --> 01:09:08.780
together is absolutely addressed by the
new provisions that that was one of the

1019
01:09:08.780 --> 01:09:10.230
most fundamental things we did.

1020
01:09:10.250 --> 01:09:15.140
So right now, the ape factor embraces
that in a coarse

1021
01:09:15.140 --> 01:09:17.270
way. It's either one or two point five.

1022
01:09:17.330 --> 01:09:21.980
So you're either massively resonating or
not resonating at all, which feels kind

1023
01:09:21.980 --> 01:09:25.470
of if the differences are small, you
wouldn't worry about it too much.

1024
01:09:25.470 --> 01:09:30.200
But it's difference as a two and a half.
So the reality is, and

1025
01:09:30.200 --> 01:09:35.180
I think I'll show this a little later,
is that as you get closer, it gets

1026
01:09:35.180 --> 01:09:38.880
worse and worse. And when they hit,
that's the worst it can be.

1027
01:09:38.900 --> 01:09:42.140
So the reality is you're always
somewhere in between that we have tried

1028
01:09:42.140 --> 01:09:46.220
to more explicitly capture that effect.

1029
01:09:46.220 --> 01:09:51.020
So now, rather than flexible and
rigidity or components that are likely

1030
01:09:51.020 --> 01:09:55.190
to be in resonance or components that
are not likely to be in resonance

1031
01:09:55.370 --> 01:09:59.270
and and that's the c.a.r.

1032
01:09:59.270 --> 01:10:04.220
term that captures that and a ton of
analytical research was was

1033
01:10:04.220 --> 01:10:05.330
put in to do that.

1034
01:10:05.330 --> 01:10:10.340
And that is has also been confined and
vetted

1035
01:10:10.340 --> 01:10:14.090
against the influence of tactility at
the same time.

1036
01:10:14.090 --> 01:10:16.400
So how do those things go hand in hand?

1037
01:10:16.640 --> 01:10:17.700
We've tried to.

1038
01:10:18.200 --> 01:10:22.370
What we basically do is we looked at
each influencing factor

1039
01:10:22.370 --> 01:10:24.440
individually to understand them better.

1040
01:10:24.440 --> 01:10:28.850
And then we created, you know,
strategies of a final

1041
01:10:28.850 --> 01:10:33.710
equation and then tested that equation
with all the things working

1042
01:10:33.710 --> 01:10:38.600
together to see how they affected one
another and refined that final equation.

1043
01:10:38.610 --> 01:10:43.640
So so we hope that our answer to Mr
Mansfield's

1044
01:10:43.640 --> 01:10:48.620
question is, yeah, we really do a much
better job of both of those things,

1045
01:10:48.620 --> 01:10:52.460
and we vetted both of the things he
asked about in a really good way.

1046
01:10:53.270 --> 01:10:56.180
So I would ask the last question that
move forward.

1047
01:10:56.730 --> 01:10:59.990
But before we do that, just make
everyone still, please take your

1048
01:10:59.990 --> 01:11:02.330
question. Presentation for our second
half.

1049
01:11:02.690 --> 01:11:04.550
So here's the last question, Brad.

1050
01:11:04.580 --> 01:11:09.380
So how can we establish a novel active
control system to

1051
01:11:09.380 --> 01:11:12.770
be acceptable as per US design code?

1052
01:11:15.350 --> 01:11:17.930
Interesting question. So.

1053
01:11:19.910 --> 01:11:23.660
Ok, I'll speak sort of in the abstract a
little bit here.

1054
01:11:24.320 --> 01:11:28.730
So any not if you want to do

1055
01:11:29.570 --> 01:11:31.760
seismic force resisting system.

1056
01:11:32.760 --> 01:11:37.230
You know, you're the engineer, you've
been working with your own or you've got

1057
01:11:37.230 --> 01:11:38.490
this cool idea.

1058
01:11:39.210 --> 01:11:42.270
There's some good reason that you and
the owner want to do that in your

1059
01:11:42.270 --> 01:11:43.860
architect to want to do this.

1060
01:11:44.850 --> 01:11:49.350
You go through the alternative
provisions and

1061
01:11:49.350 --> 01:11:52.890
you get your building code official to
agree and it's going to be peer

1062
01:11:52.890 --> 01:11:57.780
reviewed. And as long as you can meet
the intent of the building

1063
01:11:57.780 --> 01:11:59.430
code, then in theory it's permitted.

1064
01:11:59.550 --> 01:12:02.370
That's not an easy route to go, you
know?

1065
01:12:02.730 --> 01:12:05.910
But presumably you have a good reason to
do that.

1066
01:12:06.330 --> 01:12:07.980
So that's always available.

1067
01:12:08.670 --> 01:12:13.200
And when I've been involved on both
sides of the equation there, either the

1068
01:12:13.200 --> 01:12:16.830
engineer with the one or the peer
review, we're doing it. Now, if you want

1069
01:12:16.830 --> 01:12:20.990
to get a system into the code, that's
kind of a different animal, right?

1070
01:12:21.000 --> 01:12:23.610
So let's say let's take CLT, for
example.

1071
01:12:23.610 --> 01:12:26.670
So it's now in the latest provision that
it wasn't before.

1072
01:12:27.570 --> 01:12:32.550
So there's a pretty thorough involved
vetting process because

1073
01:12:32.550 --> 01:12:36.460
we want to create a system that will
work for all kinds of buildings.

1074
01:12:36.600 --> 01:12:41.220
It's not an individual building. We're
saying cltv can be done by everybody out

1075
01:12:41.220 --> 01:12:43.320
there within what constraints.

1076
01:12:43.350 --> 01:12:47.150
So the trick is to figure out, is there
a height limit?

1077
01:12:47.160 --> 01:12:49.170
Is there some kind of geometry limit?

1078
01:12:49.170 --> 01:12:54.120
So you have to do a lot of analytical
and to some extent

1079
01:12:54.120 --> 01:12:56.790
physical research, testing and that was
done for that.

1080
01:12:56.790 --> 01:13:01.740
So that FEMA piece six ninety five is is
sort of

1081
01:13:01.740 --> 01:13:05.700
at the heart of the analytical process,
which is quite involved in rigorous

1082
01:13:06.360 --> 01:13:09.240
involves nonlinear response history
analysis.

1083
01:13:09.240 --> 01:13:12.150
We end up with collapse probabilities,
and what we're trying to show is that

1084
01:13:12.150 --> 01:13:16.770
that new system, in this case, it had
acceptable collapse

1085
01:13:16.770 --> 01:13:20.490
probabilities when designed in a certain
way that we're going to define in the

1086
01:13:20.490 --> 01:13:24.000
code. So an active control system

1087
01:13:24.900 --> 01:13:29.580
or anything, really, if we wanted to
have it as a as a defined

1088
01:13:29.580 --> 01:13:33.930
system, we would need to go through that
kind of process to get it in there.

1089
01:13:33.930 --> 01:13:38.760
So it's not easy, but it's, you know,
every code cycle, new things are

1090
01:13:38.760 --> 01:13:39.180
added.

1091
01:13:40.510 --> 01:13:42.400
Now, I think I think we need to move
forward.

1092
01:13:42.610 --> 01:13:47.200
We have about forty five minutes left
for the second half of this party.

1093
01:13:48.210 --> 01:13:50.120
Ok, sounds good.

1094
01:13:50.140 --> 01:13:51.370
Excellent questions.

1095
01:13:53.200 --> 01:13:57.260
Go back to this, OK, so I'm going to
talk now for the rest of the time

1096
01:13:57.680 --> 01:14:02.450
about the design examples, so we created
this design

1097
01:14:02.450 --> 01:14:03.770
example guide.

1098
01:14:05.000 --> 01:14:09.530
There's been ones in the past, so each
new

1099
01:14:09.770 --> 01:14:14.510
provisions sort of creates a set of
design

1100
01:14:14.510 --> 01:14:18.590
examples. After the provisions are
developed and they're available to

1101
01:14:18.590 --> 01:14:21.950
engineers, the historic ones have been
really good.

1102
01:14:22.310 --> 01:14:25.010
I don't think there is well known as
they should be.

1103
01:14:25.310 --> 01:14:29.720
The structural engineers of California
have had a seismic design series

1104
01:14:29.720 --> 01:14:34.550
for a long time now, which are at least
in California, more widely known,

1105
01:14:34.550 --> 01:14:39.190
and it's a very good document as well so
they can work together.

1106
01:14:39.200 --> 01:14:41.180
It's not like one trumps the other.

1107
01:14:41.510 --> 01:14:46.190
But I would encourage you to look at
that and put it on

1108
01:14:46.190 --> 01:14:50.950
your seismic design bookshelf because
it's a good resource

1109
01:14:50.960 --> 01:14:53.570
written goes into a lot of detail.

1110
01:14:53.870 --> 01:14:55.490
So we have a bunch of chapters.

1111
01:14:55.910 --> 01:14:58.280
The first chapter is an introduction
chapter.

1112
01:14:58.280 --> 01:15:01.520
A little bit like I just kind of gave
you the second chapter.

1113
01:15:02.120 --> 01:15:04.190
Jim Harris is the author of this.

1114
01:15:04.190 --> 01:15:08.990
This is sort of a seismic design
fundamentals primer, just

1115
01:15:08.990 --> 01:15:11.600
basic concepts on the seismology.

1116
01:15:11.600 --> 01:15:16.040
And how does how does moving of the
Earth lead to shaking the ground?

1117
01:15:16.850 --> 01:15:18.530
What does that do to buildings?

1118
01:15:18.830 --> 01:15:22.520
What are single degree of freedom and
multi degree of freedom systems?

1119
01:15:22.520 --> 01:15:24.740
What is what our response factor?

1120
01:15:24.950 --> 01:15:29.390
How to how to structural dynamics work?

1121
01:15:29.390 --> 01:15:31.940
What is inelastic behavior do?

1122
01:15:31.970 --> 01:15:36.860
What are its advantages and how does it
affect rift?

1123
01:15:37.340 --> 01:15:41.810
And some basic ideas on structural
design philosophies.

1124
01:15:41.840 --> 01:15:46.590
So that's, you know, for a

1125
01:15:46.640 --> 01:15:51.230
younger, newer reader as as a nice,
almost textbook, he kind

1126
01:15:51.230 --> 01:15:54.080
of highlights seismic design.

1127
01:15:55.250 --> 01:16:00.230
So there's lots of pictures like this of
what at

1128
01:16:00.230 --> 01:16:04.070
what point is you start pushing a moment
frame over what, what things happen and

1129
01:16:04.190 --> 01:16:09.070
what's a push over curve and what's over
strength meaning and what

1130
01:16:09.080 --> 01:16:10.580
we plateau out.

1131
01:16:11.120 --> 01:16:15.950
So for many of the folks on on the call
here today,

1132
01:16:15.950 --> 01:16:17.840
this may be something you already know.

1133
01:16:18.410 --> 01:16:22.670
And on the other hand, if some younger
staff members, maybe it's not.

1134
01:16:23.990 --> 01:16:28.880
So that's been in there before it's been
updated to capture current

1135
01:16:29.690 --> 01:16:33.780
thinking. I didn't need too many changes
because pretty much a fundamentals

1136
01:16:33.830 --> 01:16:38.120
discussion. We added a section at the
end of that chapter on

1137
01:16:38.120 --> 01:16:40.100
resilience based design.

1138
01:16:40.580 --> 01:16:45.200
So this was written by Dave Honowitz,
and this was taken in

1139
01:16:45.200 --> 01:16:49.880
part from the the resource paper that we
have on resilience based

1140
01:16:49.880 --> 01:16:54.260
design that that he and others wrote for
the new

1141
01:16:54.350 --> 01:16:58.340
provisions. It talks about what is,

1142
01:16:59.330 --> 01:17:03.740
what is resilience mean, what is the
definition of functional recovery,

1143
01:17:04.520 --> 01:17:09.410
the recovery of the function of the
building and how do we get

1144
01:17:09.410 --> 01:17:13.760
to that? And then what's kind of cool is
that we took advantage

1145
01:17:14.150 --> 01:17:17.420
of another another design example.

1146
01:17:17.420 --> 01:17:22.160
So we have a KlTT sheer wall design
example, and we said, OK, let's apply

1147
01:17:22.340 --> 01:17:26.810
resilience and functional recovery
thinking to that design example.

1148
01:17:26.810 --> 01:17:31.100
And let's explore in a preliminary way
strategies for

1149
01:17:31.100 --> 01:17:35.810
improving functional recovery for that
building and what would what makes

1150
01:17:35.810 --> 01:17:39.710
sense from a technical point of view and
what would probably not be of much

1151
01:17:39.710 --> 01:17:44.120
value. So I think that's kind of a neat
addition to the growing body of

1152
01:17:44.360 --> 01:17:46.130
work on on resilience.

1153
01:17:46.550 --> 01:17:51.200
So a few slides I in all of these ones
that come here, I've taken these

1154
01:17:51.200 --> 01:17:55.490
slides from the presentations that
you're going to see if you

1155
01:17:55.670 --> 01:17:59.600
attend future presentations by by the
authors.

1156
01:17:59.600 --> 01:18:02.350
So they're these are not my slides.

1157
01:18:02.360 --> 01:18:06.590
These are direct copies with with
attribution

1158
01:18:06.860 --> 01:18:10.970
of at those chapters in their
presentations.

1159
01:18:11.300 --> 01:18:16.280
So this one, I kind of like this idea
that that Dave was showing, and

1160
01:18:16.280 --> 01:18:18.380
it comes from our consultants group.

1161
01:18:18.380 --> 01:18:23.000
But on these two axes, you've got the
vertical one, you've got something

1162
01:18:23.000 --> 01:18:26.600
that's very technical and specific and
then something that's holistic and

1163
01:18:26.600 --> 01:18:28.160
broader on the vertical axis.

1164
01:18:28.160 --> 01:18:31.520
And then on the x axis you've got at the
left, whether you're talking about one

1165
01:18:31.520 --> 01:18:36.260
building or whether you're call that the
tree and then over there on the right,

1166
01:18:36.260 --> 01:18:39.970
the community, that's the forest talking
about the whole, the whole forest.

1167
01:18:39.980 --> 01:18:44.630
So where we are in the resilience field,
you know, this x y

1168
01:18:44.630 --> 01:18:46.700
graph, you know, depends.

1169
01:18:46.700 --> 01:18:51.440
So if we're talking about one building,
that's kind of the

1170
01:18:51.440 --> 01:18:55.770
world. At the PUC lives there, that's a
building code.

1171
01:18:56.250 --> 01:18:58.050
How do we do building codes?

1172
01:18:58.080 --> 01:19:01.620
These are engineering provisions for one
building, so we're over there on the

1173
01:19:01.620 --> 01:19:06.510
left. But that's just part of the part
of the space that's

1174
01:19:06.510 --> 01:19:11.160
out there. If we're thinking about
planning and public

1175
01:19:11.160 --> 01:19:15.900
policy issues and community resilience,
you know, we're over on the

1176
01:19:15.900 --> 01:19:20.550
right and we may be thinking more
broadly than just

1177
01:19:20.550 --> 01:19:22.260
structural and non-structural
provisions.

1178
01:19:22.260 --> 01:19:23.850
We may be thinking about the contents.

1179
01:19:23.850 --> 01:19:26.580
We may be thinking about re occupancy of
the building.

1180
01:19:26.580 --> 01:19:30.540
We may be thinking more broadly about
kind of keeping people in their

1181
01:19:30.540 --> 01:19:34.620
buildings and reducing the number of red
tags and getting more at the holistic

1182
01:19:34.620 --> 01:19:38.910
level. So, you know, there's different
places you can be on this front.

1183
01:19:38.910 --> 01:19:43.740
And as we evolve resilience provisions,
we have to think about this, this

1184
01:19:43.740 --> 01:19:45.120
sort of x y field.

1185
01:19:46.620 --> 01:19:51.510
So the focus of, you know, what will
what's happening now and

1186
01:19:51.510 --> 01:19:56.130
what will be happening at the provisions
level is sort of up there on the

1187
01:19:56.130 --> 01:20:00.510
left individual facility technical
provisions.

1188
01:20:00.700 --> 01:20:04.440
But we're not discounting the importance
of community resilience.

1189
01:20:04.440 --> 01:20:09.050
It's just not really the turf of the
provisions and the

1190
01:20:09.070 --> 01:20:10.080
C-7 world.

1191
01:20:12.060 --> 01:20:14.100
So what is that functional recovery
really mean?

1192
01:20:14.280 --> 01:20:17.220
This is a post-earthquake performance
state.

1193
01:20:18.210 --> 01:20:22.440
In which the building is either
maintained or restored to support the

1194
01:20:22.440 --> 01:20:26.520
basic functions that were associated
with what it was supposed to be doing

1195
01:20:26.520 --> 01:20:27.570
before the earthquake.

1196
01:20:28.290 --> 01:20:31.260
So if it was a hospital, it's still got
to become a hospital.

1197
01:20:31.260 --> 01:20:35.050
If it was a house, you know, what does
it take to get it back, to be able to be

1198
01:20:35.050 --> 01:20:37.500
a house you can live in or if it's an
office building?

1199
01:20:37.680 --> 01:20:41.730
How do we get it recovered sufficiently
that you can reuse?

1200
01:20:41.730 --> 01:20:44.970
It doesn't mean every bit of damage is
fixed at all.

1201
01:20:45.600 --> 01:20:50.580
You could still have things that are
that need to be repaired, but

1202
01:20:50.850 --> 01:20:53.380
we can still reoccupy it before it's
perfect.

1203
01:20:53.400 --> 01:20:57.780
So finding that line about what that
level is is the the

1204
01:20:57.780 --> 01:21:00.360
interesting technical question.

1205
01:21:01.380 --> 01:21:03.840
And you know, you can write an equation
for this.

1206
01:21:03.840 --> 01:21:08.400
If you wanted to, you could say, what is
the

1207
01:21:08.400 --> 01:21:12.930
probability that the time

1208
01:21:13.260 --> 01:21:17.790
to recover your functional recovery
objective

1209
01:21:17.790 --> 01:21:23.490
is is better than allowed, given a
specific

1210
01:21:23.490 --> 01:21:28.530
event? So what's going on now in this
development

1211
01:21:28.530 --> 01:21:31.590
process is what are the right times?

1212
01:21:31.590 --> 01:21:33.240
What's the right confidence level?

1213
01:21:33.240 --> 01:21:34.530
What's the right demand level?

1214
01:21:34.530 --> 01:21:36.360
What are the technical provisions to
this?

1215
01:21:36.360 --> 01:21:39.540
You know, not not an easy thing to
answer any of those questions.

1216
01:21:41.100 --> 01:21:45.750
Um, in the KlTT example that we talked
about when Dave walked us through

1217
01:21:45.750 --> 01:21:48.900
is we could fiddle with the importance
factor.

1218
01:21:48.900 --> 01:21:53.700
We could change the R factor we could we
could have different

1219
01:21:53.700 --> 01:21:57.880
requirements for the connectors of
different steel pieces.

1220
01:21:57.900 --> 01:22:02.850
We could include more of the quote
unquote non structural system

1221
01:22:02.970 --> 01:22:07.140
could look in more detail at some of the
damage and how to

1222
01:22:07.500 --> 01:22:12.270
improve it. But there's since there's
been a full scale testing and detailed

1223
01:22:12.270 --> 01:22:16.560
analytical research, we have a lot of
good stuff that we can

1224
01:22:16.560 --> 01:22:21.330
leverage and we're and it's a pretty
simple system, so this

1225
01:22:21.330 --> 01:22:25.080
one's kind of an easier one to deal with
than maybe some other ones, like a

1226
01:22:25.080 --> 01:22:29.310
concrete building. Ok, so I'm going to
skip the next chapter, which is the

1227
01:22:29.310 --> 01:22:34.440
Earthquake Ground Motion Chapter, and
this

1228
01:22:34.440 --> 01:22:39.210
is written by some folks from USGS.

1229
01:22:39.990 --> 01:22:44.910
And they're intimately involved in the
development

1230
01:22:46.320 --> 01:22:51.300
of the the national seismic hazard model
that embraces the

1231
01:22:51.300 --> 01:22:55.770
latest science and and helps us define
what's

1232
01:22:56.100 --> 01:22:58.650
what's going to happen where in the
building.

1233
01:22:59.010 --> 01:23:03.290
So they work together with the

1234
01:23:03.330 --> 01:23:08.340
PUC in kind of providing the answers to
the

1235
01:23:08.340 --> 01:23:10.680
way the PUC poses it.

1236
01:23:10.680 --> 01:23:15.540
So for example, if the PUC had said,
let's change the probability

1237
01:23:15.540 --> 01:23:18.930
that we want to use for design, you
know, let's say instead of 10 and 50,

1238
01:23:18.930 --> 01:23:23.760
let's say we wanted to do five and 50,
then it would be the USGS job to

1239
01:23:24.510 --> 01:23:27.810
produce the values that go along with
that design goal.

1240
01:23:27.840 --> 01:23:30.990
So that's why there needs to be this
working together.

1241
01:23:31.710 --> 01:23:36.630
Some updates that have been put in to
the latest model the

1242
01:23:36.630 --> 01:23:41.580
all the new ground motion prediction
equations on the eastern part of the

1243
01:23:41.580 --> 01:23:45.300
United States that came from a research
project called NGOs to have been

1244
01:23:45.300 --> 01:23:49.410
embraced. Debates and effects are
beginning to be accounted for in the

1245
01:23:49.410 --> 01:23:53.970
western United States and basin areas
and have a big

1246
01:23:53.970 --> 01:23:58.080
deal. Some places outside the
continental U.S.

1247
01:23:58.130 --> 01:24:00.780
have been added.

1248
01:24:01.290 --> 01:24:03.960
The latest thinking there has been
included.

1249
01:24:05.860 --> 01:24:10.720
So just like the NERT provisions and AC
seven and IBC

1250
01:24:10.720 --> 01:24:15.640
have a cycle, so does the USGS national
seismic hazard

1251
01:24:15.640 --> 01:24:18.070
model, and all these things all go
together.

1252
01:24:18.070 --> 01:24:22.420
I mean, it's not like people aren't
doing this without thinking about the

1253
01:24:22.420 --> 01:24:27.340
steps. But but the USGS needs to be at
the beginning of that so

1254
01:24:27.340 --> 01:24:32.110
that the latest updates in the next
cycle will be beginning

1255
01:24:32.110 --> 01:24:36.790
this year and the last the current one
two thousand

1256
01:24:36.790 --> 01:24:41.280
eighteen. Our model is the one that

1257
01:24:41.280 --> 01:24:46.080
is referenced by the provisions that we
currently have is the one that will

1258
01:24:46.080 --> 01:24:50.850
be in the now released 20 20 to see
seven, and that's the one that will be

1259
01:24:50.850 --> 01:24:54.750
in the twenty twenty four IBC, presuming
that's when it comes to pass.

1260
01:24:55.530 --> 01:24:59.520
And there's, you know, a lot of changes
in addition to what we're showing up

1261
01:24:59.520 --> 01:25:03.930
there, that a whole multi point spectra
had to be developed and

1262
01:25:03.930 --> 01:25:07.440
produced and vetted and checked for
that.

1263
01:25:07.440 --> 01:25:12.390
So we have more site classes and we have
to have instead of

1264
01:25:12.390 --> 01:25:17.250
just SDS and SD1, we have now twenty two
periods across

1265
01:25:17.250 --> 01:25:22.230
the x axis of response spectrum that the
USGA had to produce for every

1266
01:25:22.440 --> 01:25:25.080
grid dot in the United States.

1267
01:25:28.060 --> 01:25:32.590
So, you know, Hazard curves probably
ballistic seismic hazard

1268
01:25:32.590 --> 01:25:37.480
analysis goes into that, and then the
site specific

1269
01:25:37.480 --> 01:25:42.160
procedures that we have in Chapter
Twenty One embrace that we don't have to

1270
01:25:42.160 --> 01:25:46.030
deal with site amplification in there
anymore because that's coming straight

1271
01:25:46.030 --> 01:25:48.430
out of the the website that we talked
about.

1272
01:25:48.430 --> 01:25:52.720
But there's other design effects that
are

1273
01:25:54.370 --> 01:25:59.260
still embraced in the code you can still
do, you can hire your geotechnical

1274
01:25:59.260 --> 01:26:03.490
engineer and do you know more
theoretically refined site

1275
01:26:03.490 --> 01:26:07.240
specific analysis that you're not
preventing you from doing that.

1276
01:26:07.240 --> 01:26:12.100
But we've we've made advancements to
where the online

1277
01:26:12.100 --> 01:26:16.900
version is is getting closer and closer
to what an individual, knowledgeable

1278
01:26:16.900 --> 01:26:19.360
geotechnical engineer would do at a
specific site.

1279
01:26:21.430 --> 01:26:23.350
So there's a little bit of a repeat.

1280
01:26:24.250 --> 01:26:29.140
There's based on facts and just some
minor modifications in the ground motion

1281
01:26:29.140 --> 01:26:33.940
prediction equations, updates and the
latest seismicity had been

1282
01:26:33.940 --> 01:26:38.020
incorporated the risk targets.

1283
01:26:39.330 --> 01:26:42.660
And Ford did not change, there was a lot
of discussion about possibly changing

1284
01:26:42.660 --> 01:26:47.520
them that didn't come to pass the
deterministic cap that

1285
01:26:47.520 --> 01:26:51.780
sets the limit on what a scenario event
could produce was

1286
01:26:51.780 --> 01:26:55.400
modified. We'll talk about that a little
more detail.

1287
01:26:55.410 --> 01:27:00.240
The maximum direction versus kind of the
underlying starting

1288
01:27:00.240 --> 01:27:02.310
point was slightly modified.

1289
01:27:02.580 --> 01:27:07.440
These are pretty technical, subtle
issues that most structural

1290
01:27:07.440 --> 01:27:09.300
engineers don't deal with.

1291
01:27:11.040 --> 01:27:15.510
So here are some ratio differences that
have been

1292
01:27:16.230 --> 01:27:20.490
produced. So up on the top the twenty
eighteen versus the two thousand

1293
01:27:20.490 --> 01:27:24.390
fourteen differences.

1294
01:27:24.930 --> 01:27:28.860
So a number that's blue is it's gone
down.

1295
01:27:28.860 --> 01:27:30.480
A No, that's red has gone up.

1296
01:27:30.480 --> 01:27:33.720
So some places went down, some places
went up, mostly on the east.

1297
01:27:34.890 --> 01:27:39.840
And that, of course, depends on what
you're checking the psych

1298
01:27:39.840 --> 01:27:44.370
class, the seismic hazard probability,
you know, so you're going to get

1299
01:27:44.370 --> 01:27:48.360
different hot and cold maps depending on
which thing you have.

1300
01:27:49.020 --> 01:27:50.400
But this is just an example.

1301
01:27:50.400 --> 01:27:53.790
Yes, changes happened at both point to
on one second

1302
01:27:55.500 --> 01:28:00.450
base on effects. You can you can sort of
discuss the influence

1303
01:28:00.450 --> 01:28:02.490
of what basin effects do.

1304
01:28:02.490 --> 01:28:04.470
Generally, they increase things.

1305
01:28:05.340 --> 01:28:09.990
And so some things are going to go up
because of base effects

1306
01:28:09.990 --> 01:28:14.310
that have been known but haven't really
been quantified in the past for the

1307
01:28:14.410 --> 01:28:19.470
building code. So here's a bit of a
summary

1308
01:28:19.710 --> 01:28:24.660
of that. Here's here's one of these
multipoint spectra that sort of comes

1309
01:28:24.660 --> 01:28:25.890
out of one of those.

1310
01:28:26.310 --> 01:28:30.690
The USGS is sort of on line geo database
and web

1311
01:28:30.690 --> 01:28:35.280
service, and it doesn't look any
different

1312
01:28:35.280 --> 01:28:37.740
than a smooth spectrum in the past.

1313
01:28:37.740 --> 01:28:42.090
But it's there's going to be different
one of these for every, every

1314
01:28:42.390 --> 01:28:47.070
point in America, as well as every site
class that applies at that site.

1315
01:28:48.530 --> 01:28:51.590
I'm the deterministic cap

1316
01:28:52.640 --> 01:28:57.230
was discussed at length, and in the

1317
01:28:57.230 --> 01:29:02.120
past the terminology was a
characteristic earthquake so that a

1318
01:29:02.120 --> 01:29:06.890
characteristic earthquake, you know, it
was sort of hard to define a little

1319
01:29:06.890 --> 01:29:11.510
controversial, but it was kind of the
thing that repeated that was

1320
01:29:11.510 --> 01:29:16.460
big. And it turned out that that was a
hard

1321
01:29:16.460 --> 01:29:21.170
thing to support from a scientific point
of view, and it died.

1322
01:29:21.350 --> 01:29:26.290
So we've now replaced it with scenario
events,

1323
01:29:26.300 --> 01:29:30.620
and there's a process called
disaggregation, which looks at the

1324
01:29:30.620 --> 01:29:35.180
probabilities of these different
scenarios and and creates the

1325
01:29:35.180 --> 01:29:40.790
deterministic cap from that more
sophisticated,

1326
01:29:41.150 --> 01:29:45.890
more kind of numeric based process so
that there's been an

1327
01:29:45.890 --> 01:29:50.720
ongoing desire of the seismological
community and has come to pass in

1328
01:29:50.720 --> 01:29:52.430
these provisions.

1329
01:29:54.780 --> 01:29:59.310
So here are some examples of changes in
places,

1330
01:29:59.310 --> 01:30:04.120
so. Like Le Top

1331
01:30:04.120 --> 01:30:07.120
Line, seven, 10, let's take the short
period in L.A.

1332
01:30:07.330 --> 01:30:12.310
two point four one five nine seven 225,
so went down, it came back all the

1333
01:30:12.310 --> 01:30:13.780
way back to where it was.

1334
01:30:13.780 --> 01:30:16.270
So some things haven't changed a lot.

1335
01:30:16.900 --> 01:30:18.370
Other things have.

1336
01:30:18.880 --> 01:30:23.690
So take San Diego, the SMS value.

1337
01:30:24.250 --> 01:30:28.150
It used to be one point twenty five two
cycles ago is up to one point eight.

1338
01:30:28.150 --> 01:30:32.080
So, you know, in America is a
complicated place.

1339
01:30:32.080 --> 01:30:34.660
With all these different factors, some
things go up and down.

1340
01:30:34.900 --> 01:30:38.680
But there's been a lot of vetting and
comparison comparing of different

1341
01:30:38.680 --> 01:30:43.150
locations to see what has happened and
whether it makes

1342
01:30:43.150 --> 01:30:44.200
technical sense.

1343
01:30:44.200 --> 01:30:46.150
So there's a sort of part of the
process.

1344
01:30:46.150 --> 01:30:51.100
You can do your own comparisons for your
own site if you wanted to.

1345
01:30:51.910 --> 01:30:54.910
There's some changes in site class.

1346
01:30:55.510 --> 01:30:58.000
Not a lot, though, you know, I'm not.

1347
01:30:58.000 --> 01:31:02.170
I didn't mean site class. I mean,
seismic design categories so lower the

1348
01:31:02.200 --> 01:31:07.510
lowest Z and the highest, you know,
appear

1349
01:31:07.510 --> 01:31:08.660
at at E!

1350
01:31:08.760 --> 01:31:11.790
You know how many things got converted
either up or down?

1351
01:31:11.800 --> 01:31:14.590
Not a lot. So that's good.

1352
01:31:16.840 --> 01:31:18.430
Here is a link.

1353
01:31:18.460 --> 01:31:22.600
This is in the, you know, slides that
you'll see it's in the

1354
01:31:23.890 --> 01:31:28.720
design examples you can download, but
you go in there and just

1355
01:31:28.720 --> 01:31:33.640
plug in your latitude, longitude and or
psych class and you will get

1356
01:31:33.640 --> 01:31:38.590
an answer. So multi point spectra, let's
look at that in

1357
01:31:38.590 --> 01:31:39.930
a little bit more detail.

1358
01:31:39.940 --> 01:31:44.620
So here is the smooth red

1359
01:31:44.620 --> 01:31:48.370
curve of what will come out of that, as
opposed to the.

1360
01:31:52.060 --> 01:31:57.010
Straight line at the at the cop here and
then going down that comes out of SDS

1361
01:31:57.010 --> 01:32:01.240
and SD, one can see how many different
chapters

1362
01:32:01.990 --> 01:32:06.880
were affected by this about five or six
chapters that that had to be coordinated

1363
01:32:06.880 --> 01:32:08.020
to do this.

1364
01:32:09.030 --> 01:32:13.650
Um, so what what we are worried about in
the past and what we

1365
01:32:13.650 --> 01:32:18.240
learned through an ongoing evidence was
the softer sites with

1366
01:32:18.240 --> 01:32:19.650
big events.

1367
01:32:19.920 --> 01:32:24.450
We're not being enveloped by the the two
period

1368
01:32:24.450 --> 01:32:25.830
spectra sufficiently.

1369
01:32:25.830 --> 01:32:28.170
It just you just couldn't do it.

1370
01:32:28.620 --> 01:32:33.320
And without overdoing it everywhere
else.

1371
01:32:33.330 --> 01:32:38.280
And so the process that had been chosen,
unfortunately, was found

1372
01:32:38.940 --> 01:32:43.470
to significantly underestimate things in
some circumstances

1373
01:32:43.890 --> 01:32:46.800
by a big deal factor or two is a very
big deal.

1374
01:32:47.310 --> 01:32:51.540
So that that became known as the years
went by.

1375
01:32:51.540 --> 01:32:56.340
But how to deal with it was not easy to
figure out and implement in the

1376
01:32:56.340 --> 01:32:57.420
code process.

1377
01:32:59.100 --> 01:33:04.830
So this kind of shows you the extent to
which.

1378
01:33:05.710 --> 01:33:10.060
It may or may not have been in effect,
so the green

1379
01:33:10.060 --> 01:33:14.920
was it's over here on the left, the
black line is which was

1380
01:33:14.920 --> 01:33:19.330
the design spectre was bigger than the
real one, so to speak.

1381
01:33:19.330 --> 01:33:24.190
So that green was conservatism and you
were fully envelope and it wasn't

1382
01:33:24.190 --> 01:33:27.550
too bad, but that was on site, classy
with a smaller event.

1383
01:33:27.670 --> 01:33:32.200
If you went to psych class e softer and
a bigger event, you can see it was the

1384
01:33:32.410 --> 01:33:36.790
other way around. Almost all of it was
not

1385
01:33:36.820 --> 01:33:37.870
envelope ing it.

1386
01:33:37.870 --> 01:33:42.460
So the real one, this blue line was
bigger than the Black

1387
01:33:42.460 --> 01:33:47.440
Line, and that red shaded area was UN
conservatism,

1388
01:33:47.440 --> 01:33:48.700
and that's the worry.

1389
01:33:49.000 --> 01:33:51.310
And so how to how do we deal with that?

1390
01:33:51.310 --> 01:33:56.170
So you know this, there was an interim
solution.

1391
01:33:56.240 --> 01:33:59.980
I'm going to kind of skip that a little
bit in the interest of time here, but

1392
01:33:59.980 --> 01:34:04.840
there was a process of different
exceptions and different things that

1393
01:34:04.840 --> 01:34:08.890
you could do and adding one point five
on different values that's in AC

1394
01:34:08.920 --> 01:34:11.330
716, that's going to go away.

1395
01:34:11.350 --> 01:34:14.530
We don't need to do that anymore. You're
going to get kind of the the right

1396
01:34:14.530 --> 01:34:19.180
answer that we were attempting to to do
in the last code cycle.

1397
01:34:22.100 --> 01:34:27.290
We're still defining or we are defining
MKR

1398
01:34:27.290 --> 01:34:31.460
and designing ground motions using
second spectrum analysis.

1399
01:34:31.850 --> 01:34:36.830
You still will have it will come out of
that the

1400
01:34:36.830 --> 01:34:40.070
SDS and one that you can use for elf
design.

1401
01:34:41.060 --> 01:34:45.710
So you do the multi point spectra that
leads you to an SDS and ask do you want

1402
01:34:45.710 --> 01:34:50.600
to use those to design your building so
that process will not be

1403
01:34:50.600 --> 01:34:54.200
different? We're not dumping elf design
because of this.

1404
01:34:54.890 --> 01:34:58.640
And like I said multiple times, sure, if
you know where you are and you know what

1405
01:34:58.640 --> 01:35:01.520
site class you are and you go on to that
web service.

1406
01:35:01.550 --> 01:35:03.890
Voila, it pops out for you.

1407
01:35:05.900 --> 01:35:08.880
Here are the new site classes that I've
been alluding to.

1408
01:35:08.900 --> 01:35:10.190
There's a B.S.

1409
01:35:10.340 --> 01:35:15.230
in between B and C and CD and a D just
to kind of split

1410
01:35:15.230 --> 01:35:16.460
the and refine it.

1411
01:35:16.460 --> 01:35:19.730
So we didn't have as big a quantum jumps
in the long period range.

1412
01:35:20.090 --> 01:35:22.250
They're they're based on short wave
velocity.

1413
01:35:22.250 --> 01:35:27.140
There's been a move to to focus more on
shear wave velocity.

1414
01:35:29.330 --> 01:35:34.130
Um, so in the end, what does this mean,
you've got these eight

1415
01:35:34.130 --> 01:35:39.110
site classes and you've got these twenty
two periods, so if you wanted to

1416
01:35:39.110 --> 01:35:44.060
capture the all the possible spectra

1417
01:35:44.090 --> 01:35:48.440
at a particular site for all the
periods, you would have all these

1418
01:35:48.440 --> 01:35:50.990
numbers and then you'd have all the dots
in America.

1419
01:35:50.990 --> 01:35:55.090
So you can imagine it becomes an
impossible thing to put in a on a

1420
01:35:55.100 --> 01:35:57.650
printed map in the building code.

1421
01:35:57.980 --> 01:36:01.130
It needs to be a web based thing.

1422
01:36:02.970 --> 01:36:07.530
And you've seen these pictures before,
so those all those

1423
01:36:07.530 --> 01:36:11.700
points in the x axis and all those psych
classes are going to look like this and

1424
01:36:11.700 --> 01:36:15.840
you really begin to see the dramatic
influence at the long range.

1425
01:36:16.030 --> 01:36:17.220
So I'll skip this one.

1426
01:36:20.780 --> 01:36:25.400
So the second bullet point at the
bottom, I alluded to that, so.

1427
01:36:27.350 --> 01:36:32.090
So a site specific procedure can take
advantage of

1428
01:36:32.090 --> 01:36:36.710
this in lieu of of a hazard analysis,
and

1429
01:36:36.710 --> 01:36:40.760
that that I think is, you know, for
people who are going to have to pay for

1430
01:36:40.760 --> 01:36:41.880
that, that's a big deal.

1431
01:36:41.900 --> 01:36:43.100
You don't have to do this.

1432
01:36:43.100 --> 01:36:47.780
You can do one that's potentially more
precise, but you you at

1433
01:36:47.780 --> 01:36:50.720
least are on the way towards that now.

1434
01:36:50.720 --> 01:36:55.100
And I think that's a big improvement
benefit to the community.

1435
01:36:56.660 --> 01:37:00.740
We're not changing the for prisons,
we're not changing multi

1436
01:37:01.640 --> 01:37:04.100
modal response spectrum analysis
provisions.

1437
01:37:07.420 --> 01:37:12.380
There. Are some topics in in.

1438
01:37:14.200 --> 01:37:19.060
In the design examples on how you deal
with the mean peak ground

1439
01:37:19.060 --> 01:37:23.230
acceleration that you use for certain
provisions, like the liquefaction

1440
01:37:23.230 --> 01:37:28.000
analysis, how you do vertical ground
motions has evolved a little bit that's

1441
01:37:28.000 --> 01:37:31.930
not often used by, but that exists.

1442
01:37:31.930 --> 01:37:35.080
And then there are now provisions if you
don't have. Sure. So even though we

1443
01:37:35.080 --> 01:37:38.680
think shear wave velocity is the right
way to go, I'm going to force people to

1444
01:37:38.680 --> 01:37:43.480
do it. We have kind of backup strategies
if you

1445
01:37:43.780 --> 01:37:47.830
if you don't have that and you can still
define your site class similar in some

1446
01:37:47.830 --> 01:37:49.960
ways similar to what was being done
before.

1447
01:37:51.340 --> 01:37:55.840
Ok, so I'm going to talk about Chapter
four here, which is one of the

1448
01:37:56.950 --> 01:37:58.810
the new lateral systems.

1449
01:38:00.520 --> 01:38:05.410
So these are the reinforced concrete
shear walls that are

1450
01:38:05.410 --> 01:38:06.730
coupled. All right.

1451
01:38:06.730 --> 01:38:11.200
So this is the gray couple here links
the

1452
01:38:11.440 --> 01:38:16.600
two big cantilever piers and absorbs and
dissipates.

1453
01:38:16.600 --> 01:38:18.940
Energy also stiffens.

1454
01:38:18.940 --> 01:38:23.410
The system helps create some tension
coupling that the

1455
01:38:23.450 --> 01:38:25.780
CNRT come about because of that.

1456
01:38:26.410 --> 01:38:30.640
And so this this system here has now
been

1457
01:38:31.210 --> 01:38:35.710
defined for the geometric properties and
requirements of those coupling

1458
01:38:35.710 --> 01:38:40.690
beams. And if you comply with all the
required provisions, you basically get

1459
01:38:40.690 --> 01:38:44.200
a better R and that's been vetted
through all this research.

1460
01:38:44.680 --> 01:38:49.630
So there's a detailed worked example and
the design examples that walks you

1461
01:38:49.630 --> 01:38:54.040
through this building and how exactly
you would define all these with with all

1462
01:38:54.040 --> 01:38:55.900
the steps and commentary.

1463
01:38:58.930 --> 01:39:01.420
You know, here's a picture of those
coupling beams.

1464
01:39:01.420 --> 01:39:03.880
There's a kind of different ways to do
it.

1465
01:39:04.150 --> 01:39:06.070
You can have the diagonal reinforcing.

1466
01:39:06.070 --> 01:39:08.800
You can have horizontal reinforcing.

1467
01:39:08.800 --> 01:39:12.960
Here's, you know, the level of detail
the design examples go into.

1468
01:39:12.970 --> 01:39:15.910
So we're not just talking about
equations. We include pictures.

1469
01:39:16.180 --> 01:39:20.950
We talk about some detailing issues and
how to turn this into

1470
01:39:20.950 --> 01:39:23.260
something real that it's the way it gets
built.

1471
01:39:24.640 --> 01:39:26.610
So a little similar to that.

1472
01:39:26.620 --> 01:39:31.180
There's this coupled composite plate
coupled composite plate

1473
01:39:31.180 --> 01:39:35.560
Schierholz concrete filled system, which
goes sometimes by the

1474
01:39:35.560 --> 01:39:40.460
acronym that doesn't flow off your
tongue of WKF.

1475
01:39:41.020 --> 01:39:45.190
But the idea is this going to take some
plates?

1476
01:39:45.190 --> 01:39:47.680
We're going to put some studs on the
inside of them. We're going to fill them

1477
01:39:47.680 --> 01:39:51.550
with concrete and we're going to take
advantage of the composite action.

1478
01:39:51.940 --> 01:39:56.410
And we're going to have, you know,
here's a tall building steel plate

1479
01:39:56.410 --> 01:40:01.270
piers and then these small coupling
beams that link them.

1480
01:40:01.660 --> 01:40:06.580
So we already had composite concrete and
steel plates, but we didn't

1481
01:40:06.580 --> 01:40:10.210
have is the coupled specific provisions.

1482
01:40:10.210 --> 01:40:11.320
So a little bit.

1483
01:40:11.320 --> 01:40:16.180
Just like the basic concrete only
version, this is the composite parallel

1484
01:40:16.180 --> 01:40:20.800
version. And again, there's a very
thorough worked example on that, and we

1485
01:40:20.800 --> 01:40:25.210
show there's a kind of a neat push over
curve of what happens to that

1486
01:40:25.210 --> 01:40:29.620
specific building as you start yielding
things and how do the forces

1487
01:40:29.620 --> 01:40:34.390
change as as hinges, develop up the
system and what happens to the

1488
01:40:34.390 --> 01:40:37.510
walls? So there's both.

1489
01:40:37.540 --> 01:40:41.740
We don't just show the corks and the
commentary.

1490
01:40:41.740 --> 01:40:45.670
We also have the theory of what's behind
the system.

1491
01:40:45.670 --> 01:40:46.830
Where did it come from?

1492
01:40:46.840 --> 01:40:49.630
So there's usually an overview at the
beginning of designing samples that

1493
01:40:49.630 --> 01:40:50.920
helps you with that.

1494
01:40:52.540 --> 01:40:56.230
Here's a picture of how a steel beam

1495
01:40:57.370 --> 01:41:02.080
in the connects the piers and how it
gets welded.

1496
01:41:02.080 --> 01:41:06.610
And there's some sections that have been
cut through these

1497
01:41:06.610 --> 01:41:10.630
things and details on how you transfer
loads and do the well.

1498
01:41:10.630 --> 01:41:15.220
So we get in to the nitty gritty of how
you make this

1499
01:41:15.220 --> 01:41:18.820
real from a from a true practicing
engineering point of view.

1500
01:41:21.040 --> 01:41:25.990
I've talked about a few times there's an
example, three story townhouse

1501
01:41:26.020 --> 01:41:30.760
that's that's in here with different
units that has piers and

1502
01:41:30.760 --> 01:41:32.290
windows, you know, on the outside.

1503
01:41:32.290 --> 01:41:35.800
And it has these long demises walls that
are kind of solid

1504
01:41:36.880 --> 01:41:41.310
KlTT elements that are linked together.

1505
01:41:41.320 --> 01:41:46.240
And so the design of this, we have a
design example or some

1506
01:41:46.240 --> 01:41:50.920
pictures of these buildings going
together and how they connect it, the

1507
01:41:50.920 --> 01:41:55.240
floors. So the connectors are the all
important elements that

1508
01:41:55.390 --> 01:41:57.910
linked together the solid piers.

1509
01:41:58.170 --> 01:42:02.770
So nothing much is happening when this
building gets rattled around in the

1510
01:42:02.770 --> 01:42:07.690
KlTT itself. All the all the action and
care

1511
01:42:07.690 --> 01:42:11.830
and in tactility and and energy
absorption

1512
01:42:12.180 --> 01:42:16.620
is. And how these connectors work, so
there are very specific

1513
01:42:16.620 --> 01:42:20.100
provisions about how many you need and
how do they work.

1514
01:42:20.290 --> 01:42:23.820
But you can see, you know, building
these buildings, which goes together

1515
01:42:23.820 --> 01:42:28.750
fast, is all about dialing in at low
tolerances, you know,

1516
01:42:28.890 --> 01:42:32.370
getting these things to connect where
they're supposed to be connected for the

1517
01:42:32.370 --> 01:42:37.170
shop drawings. And and it's pretty
miraculous what quality

1518
01:42:37.170 --> 01:42:38.610
contractors are able to do.

1519
01:42:39.480 --> 01:42:44.460
So here's a free body, or here's a kind
of a picture of this

1520
01:42:45.000 --> 01:42:46.590
on the left are some sections.

1521
01:42:46.590 --> 01:42:50.970
We still have whole downs on that at the
ends, we have shear transfer in between

1522
01:42:50.970 --> 01:42:52.620
the whole downs and Section B.

1523
01:42:52.620 --> 01:42:57.360
And then here's an elevation view of one
of those walls where you can see three

1524
01:42:57.360 --> 01:43:02.430
stories. You can see seven panels that
are

1525
01:43:03.120 --> 01:43:08.070
kind of linked together by these angle
and plate connector elements

1526
01:43:08.070 --> 01:43:12.540
that are, you know, have to be designed
for the the forces that they see.

1527
01:43:13.830 --> 01:43:18.810
I mentioned that horizontal design or
horizontal diaphragm design has

1528
01:43:18.810 --> 01:43:19.890
has evolved.

1529
01:43:20.280 --> 01:43:21.510
We tried to do.

1530
01:43:22.830 --> 01:43:27.660
We tried to cover comprehensively not
just what changed in this code cycle,

1531
01:43:27.660 --> 01:43:30.640
but all the different ones because it's
getting pretty complicated.

1532
01:43:30.660 --> 01:43:35.580
So Kelly Cobain led this effort and did
a great job of showing

1533
01:43:35.580 --> 01:43:40.320
worked examples of the different ways
you could do things, and sometimes

1534
01:43:40.950 --> 01:43:45.090
with one example doing it different ways
and what the differences would be.

1535
01:43:45.870 --> 01:43:50.820
So there's a lot of great information on
here for different possible

1536
01:43:50.820 --> 01:43:55.200
building types. You might have some of
which you could have done before and

1537
01:43:55.200 --> 01:43:56.490
some of which is brand new.

1538
01:43:56.820 --> 01:44:01.260
So these alternative single storey,
rigid walled, flexible ones, that's

1539
01:44:01.260 --> 01:44:03.990
brand new. Bare steel deck, that's brand
new.

1540
01:44:04.440 --> 01:44:08.250
So that's been work hand in hand with
other code

1541
01:44:08.610 --> 01:44:13.350
developers. The code form framing folks
and and

1542
01:44:13.350 --> 01:44:17.700
ISI are have been integrated in this,
for example.

1543
01:44:19.000 --> 01:44:23.800
Um, so, you know, the feeling is these
alternative provisions, which are more

1544
01:44:23.800 --> 01:44:28.810
based on observed response as well as an
ecological

1545
01:44:28.810 --> 01:44:33.670
research, do do a better job of defining
what the diaphragm forces really

1546
01:44:33.670 --> 01:44:38.200
are. As you go up the building, do a
much better job of defining tactility

1547
01:44:39.130 --> 01:44:43.780
and its effect not just on the vertical
system, but there's

1548
01:44:43.780 --> 01:44:47.950
tactility that can come from and effect
the diaphragm.

1549
01:44:47.950 --> 01:44:52.540
So that's now there's a way of
accounting for that in there.

1550
01:44:53.680 --> 01:44:56.830
One interesting thing is that bare metal
deck.

1551
01:44:58.420 --> 01:45:03.310
There's a sort of special provisions and
non special provisions, which have

1552
01:45:03.310 --> 01:45:04.840
different design requirements.

1553
01:45:04.840 --> 01:45:09.310
So the special ones, which which aren't
all that hard, you're basically

1554
01:45:09.310 --> 01:45:14.230
using mechanical fasteners instead of
welding have been found to

1555
01:45:14.230 --> 01:45:19.170
be much more ductile, a little less
strong than puddle walls, but

1556
01:45:19.180 --> 01:45:23.650
more ductile. So there's two routes that
you can go now.

1557
01:45:24.010 --> 01:45:28.750
I am using the the ductile ones on my
buildings moving forward, and I have

1558
01:45:28.750 --> 01:45:32.530
found the contractors in my area have no
problem using that.

1559
01:45:33.100 --> 01:45:35.260
It's not any cost or schedule
difference.

1560
01:45:37.120 --> 01:45:41.530
Here's an example of as you go up the
height of the building, how the

1561
01:45:42.940 --> 01:45:46.510
forces that use could change, that that
comes from

1562
01:45:47.380 --> 01:45:52.120
research. Here's some pictures of

1563
01:45:52.570 --> 01:45:57.010
where we want and don't want inelastic
behavior in these

1564
01:45:57.010 --> 01:46:02.590
buildings. And this is talking about
different

1565
01:46:03.100 --> 01:46:07.840
power values that can be used depending
on where you are,

1566
01:46:08.020 --> 01:46:10.660
either you're at Daniyal or you're at
the diaphragm.

1567
01:46:11.890 --> 01:46:14.800
So lastly, I'll do nonstructural and
then we'll take questions.

1568
01:46:15.340 --> 01:46:16.870
So go quickly through here.

1569
01:46:16.990 --> 01:46:22.390
There is a very large Chapter eight on a
series

1570
01:46:22.390 --> 01:46:27.220
of of different design examples, so
we've got a precast concrete cladding

1571
01:46:27.220 --> 01:46:32.170
example. We've got a stair example,
pressure vessel, a fan unit on

1572
01:46:32.170 --> 01:46:37.120
the on the roof and then distribution,
piping and all the tricks and nuances

1573
01:46:37.120 --> 01:46:42.040
of that. So we have detailed examples
for all these guys and how

1574
01:46:42.040 --> 01:46:45.520
to do them with the new design equation.

1575
01:46:46.510 --> 01:46:51.250
So it's very thorough and hopefully goes
through helping you to

1576
01:46:51.250 --> 01:46:54.130
understand how you would implement those
things.

1577
01:46:54.130 --> 01:46:58.420
So there's a summary at the beginning of
each of those you now need to know

1578
01:47:00.010 --> 01:47:01.900
what's your lateral system?

1579
01:47:01.900 --> 01:47:06.480
Remember, the building's lateral system
is going to have an influence on non

1580
01:47:06.490 --> 01:47:09.520
structural components. So that's why
we've included in the summary.

1581
01:47:09.520 --> 01:47:12.640
If you had written something like this
loss code cycle, it wouldn't have

1582
01:47:12.640 --> 01:47:14.980
mattered that second bullet there.

1583
01:47:15.580 --> 01:47:18.000
And, you know, there's different topics
that we cover.

1584
01:47:18.030 --> 01:47:21.130
We're not designing every last little
thing in that system.

1585
01:47:21.130 --> 01:47:23.920
We're trying to highlight the important
things, but we get pretty thorough

1586
01:47:24.550 --> 01:47:28.630
there. There's 30 pages on each of these
examples.

1587
01:47:28.630 --> 01:47:33.580
These are like we talk about what's the
difference between rocking

1588
01:47:33.580 --> 01:47:36.880
and sliding and how how do you properly
implement that?

1589
01:47:37.720 --> 01:47:42.190
So we kind of have a section on talking
with your architect and your

1590
01:47:42.190 --> 01:47:46.120
contractor about this up front and
trying to make sure you get this squared

1591
01:47:46.120 --> 01:47:48.700
away before you track yourself and it's
too late.

1592
01:47:49.900 --> 01:47:54.610
We talk about some nuances and piping
design and as well

1593
01:47:54.610 --> 01:47:58.450
as attachments and within the stairs.

1594
01:48:00.270 --> 01:48:05.100
You know, things on different support
systems and

1595
01:48:05.100 --> 01:48:09.840
how one designs the connections of the
tank to the

1596
01:48:10.320 --> 01:48:14.790
X-Prize table and how you design the
table itself, that's now more

1597
01:48:15.150 --> 01:48:19.780
rational. And those values could be
different depending on the

1598
01:48:19.800 --> 01:48:21.420
lateral system of that table.

1599
01:48:22.710 --> 01:48:25.230
So we have things that change.

1600
01:48:25.230 --> 01:48:29.040
We have these green boxes that highlight
them just to flag them to your

1601
01:48:29.040 --> 01:48:33.750
attention. So designing the difference
between the table and the tank legs

1602
01:48:33.750 --> 01:48:36.630
is is a big change, an irrational one.

1603
01:48:36.630 --> 01:48:38.730
But we we flag that so you don't miss
that.

1604
01:48:39.090 --> 01:48:43.350
You know, and here's examples of the
kind of equations that are in the in

1605
01:48:43.350 --> 01:48:47.130
that code, we talk about things that are
on

1606
01:48:47.850 --> 01:48:49.320
vibration, isolate or not.

1607
01:48:50.790 --> 01:48:52.270
And this is all organized.

1608
01:48:52.290 --> 01:48:55.230
Here's the eight chapters that I was
mentioning.

1609
01:48:55.830 --> 01:49:00.570
We want you to use the Twenty Fifteen
and the Twenty Twenty together

1610
01:49:01.290 --> 01:49:05.340
because we didn't want to repeat things
that didn't really change, and we wanted

1611
01:49:05.340 --> 01:49:09.060
people to realize there's a lot of good
stuff that's still totally relevant in

1612
01:49:09.060 --> 01:49:10.850
the 2015 version.

1613
01:49:10.860 --> 01:49:14.880
So rather than rehashing it in the
interest of time and space and

1614
01:49:14.880 --> 01:49:17.060
resources, we combine them.

1615
01:49:17.070 --> 01:49:21.390
So there are tables that tell you
exactly which

1616
01:49:21.390 --> 01:49:22.670
document to use.

1617
01:49:22.680 --> 01:49:25.950
So if something is new and it's change,
of course you're going to use the newer

1618
01:49:25.950 --> 01:49:28.080
one and we tell you, use the newer one.

1619
01:49:28.100 --> 01:49:33.060
If something is not covered in one, use
the old one, then then we say that.

1620
01:49:33.060 --> 01:49:36.960
So there's a little handy guide to this
that goes through all the different

1621
01:49:36.960 --> 01:49:39.930
chapters. We are.

1622
01:49:40.440 --> 01:49:44.740
When these were written, the seven
twenty two had not been published.

1623
01:49:44.760 --> 01:49:49.410
They're very small changes and so we do
have a bit of a warning.

1624
01:49:49.420 --> 01:49:53.130
I'm not too worried about that being
very significant.

1625
01:49:53.130 --> 01:49:57.990
But just bear in mind, because they were
on parallel tracks, we couldn't wait to

1626
01:49:57.990 --> 01:50:01.020
finish the examples until after seven
twenty two was published.

1627
01:50:01.020 --> 01:50:05.670
So we use the June Twenty Twenty One
public version as the reference

1628
01:50:05.670 --> 01:50:08.790
document, which I have compared.

1629
01:50:08.790 --> 01:50:11.400
It's not. It's very minor differences.

1630
01:50:13.350 --> 01:50:17.290
So. I'm kind of at the end of my talk.

1631
01:50:17.310 --> 01:50:20.670
We're going to take questions now, but I
just wanted to let you know that there's

1632
01:50:20.670 --> 01:50:22.410
a whole host of other ones.

1633
01:50:22.410 --> 01:50:26.280
Hopefully you're aware of these that are
coming down the pike and they're on

1634
01:50:26.460 --> 01:50:29.850
Jake's VSC web site of when they are.

1635
01:50:29.850 --> 01:50:33.240
So please sign up for those and learn
from all these great folks.

1636
01:50:40.590 --> 01:50:45.450
Thank you, parties. Two hours nonstop
talk, thank you so much for giving this

1637
01:50:45.810 --> 01:50:50.610
wonderful overview, so I'll give you a
break when we're waiting for people

1638
01:50:50.610 --> 01:50:52.560
to type in their questions.

1639
01:50:52.800 --> 01:50:56.320
But do you want to let them know the
chat box?

1640
01:50:56.340 --> 01:50:59.520
I shared the link for the webinar series
that Bret has mentioned.

1641
01:51:00.000 --> 01:51:04.680
Basically, we have one detail Chapter
192, the

1642
01:51:04.680 --> 01:51:09.330
presentation of each chapter on those
eight chapters for the design

1643
01:51:09.330 --> 01:51:14.130
examples for some of those chapters,
like the non-structural design, design,

1644
01:51:14.430 --> 01:51:18.000
also for the diaphragms because it's so
comprehensive.

1645
01:51:18.120 --> 01:51:21.940
We have a two webinars to cover to be
able to cover the topic in the design

1646
01:51:21.960 --> 01:51:25.200
sample, so please do check out the
website.

1647
01:51:25.530 --> 01:51:28.920
The registration is open for the next
eight months.

1648
01:51:28.950 --> 01:51:30.660
This will spread out in eight months.

1649
01:51:30.930 --> 01:51:32.850
We're try to have one for each month.

1650
01:51:33.840 --> 01:51:38.160
With that, let's see if we have any more
questions coming in.

1651
01:51:46.120 --> 01:51:50.860
So the first question I asked out here
is if there is any

1652
01:51:50.860 --> 01:51:55.600
change to the definition of a flexible
and rooted difference.

1653
01:51:56.110 --> 01:51:58.930
I don't believe so. I think that has
remains unchanged.

1654
01:51:59.450 --> 01:51:59.610
Okay.

1655
01:52:08.290 --> 01:52:10.340
So I don't see other questions.

1656
01:52:11.260 --> 01:52:15.910
There is there is one is there now more
clarification of load distribution and a

1657
01:52:15.910 --> 01:52:20.170
line of coupling beams and concrete wall
construction?

1658
01:52:21.340 --> 01:52:24.250
No, I don't believe that there's a
difference there.

1659
01:52:24.460 --> 01:52:25.480
There is.

1660
01:52:26.580 --> 01:52:29.340
You know, just just to repeat, although
it's not the same thing as what the

1661
01:52:29.340 --> 01:52:34.860
questioner is asking, but but the the
requirements

1662
01:52:35.010 --> 01:52:39.930
for design in order to be called a
cultural system, whether

1663
01:52:39.930 --> 01:52:44.070
it's concrete only or whether it's
composite, there are definitely

1664
01:52:44.070 --> 01:52:47.190
requirements for that in those two
systems.

1665
01:52:47.220 --> 01:52:51.930
But the intent of those systems
essentially is if you've got

1666
01:52:51.930 --> 01:52:56.850
two to piers, whether the rectangles are
L's on each side of of a

1667
01:52:56.850 --> 01:52:58.470
coupling beam, that's the focus.

1668
01:52:58.470 --> 01:53:03.300
So it's kind of this classic call system
idea that's that's in vogue and is

1669
01:53:03.300 --> 01:53:04.350
cost efficient.

1670
01:53:04.650 --> 01:53:08.580
So the idea of having I think the
questioner is asking to have a whole

1671
01:53:08.580 --> 01:53:12.030
series of coupling beams in multiple
piers.

1672
01:53:12.040 --> 01:53:15.990
There isn't new requirements on that
that I'm aware of.

1673
01:53:25.500 --> 01:53:29.100
Because the one person is asked, please
answer the Brent Maxfield above

1674
01:53:29.100 --> 01:53:31.260
questions, I believe we did that already
there.

1675
01:53:31.370 --> 01:53:35.700
One was about residents I talked about
that one is about the two point

1676
01:53:35.700 --> 01:53:40.230
spectrum. Why not use it, which we
talked about that before?

1677
01:53:42.500 --> 01:53:45.170
Are there new guidelines on curtain wall
design?

1678
01:53:47.000 --> 01:53:51.080
No, there are or there's no there's no
provision

1679
01:53:51.080 --> 01:53:54.200
changes to the curtain wall
requirements.

1680
01:53:54.200 --> 01:53:59.240
So if memory serves Chapter 13 of a
seven

1681
01:53:59.240 --> 01:54:03.620
section, I think it's 13 five nine is is
where

1682
01:54:04.040 --> 01:54:07.670
cladding provisions and glazing live.

1683
01:54:07.700 --> 01:54:09.620
That is unchanged.

1684
01:54:11.360 --> 01:54:16.070
What there are, though, when you say
guidelines that design example

1685
01:54:16.070 --> 01:54:20.360
for, it's a precast design example
that's in the

1686
01:54:21.140 --> 01:54:25.430
that we wrote up is is a very helpful
one in this.

1687
01:54:25.550 --> 01:54:29.810
It's not about curtain wall per say, but
there is a discussion in there about

1688
01:54:30.890 --> 01:54:35.750
drift requirements and how the cladding
system needs to

1689
01:54:35.750 --> 01:54:40.310
accommodate drift that I think is a
significant

1690
01:54:40.310 --> 01:54:45.110
advance compared to what

1691
01:54:45.110 --> 01:54:47.450
was in the previous design examples.

1692
01:54:47.450 --> 01:54:51.470
We tried to out a lot about
displacements and get really into the

1693
01:54:51.470 --> 01:54:56.360
nuances of the cladding design equation
and where it comes

1694
01:54:56.360 --> 01:54:58.910
from. It's kind of a cryptic equation.

1695
01:54:59.930 --> 01:55:04.070
And if you go back into the history of
the research, you can see where the

1696
01:55:04.070 --> 01:55:08.690
parts of it come from, and it has very
practical applications that we talk

1697
01:55:08.690 --> 01:55:13.400
about of. Like, don't don't blindly
apply that equation

1698
01:55:13.400 --> 01:55:16.880
without understanding what's what it's
based on because you can be

1699
01:55:17.060 --> 01:55:21.410
conservative. So I think we added some,
I think pretty important

1700
01:55:21.680 --> 01:55:25.550
pictures and discussion about that, that
I can't find anywhere else.

1701
01:55:25.670 --> 01:55:29.020
So I thought it would be valuable to add
it so broad.

1702
01:55:29.330 --> 01:55:30.780
They have more questions come in.

1703
01:55:30.800 --> 01:55:33.380
I just want to give you everyone is
quick heads up.

1704
01:55:34.040 --> 01:55:36.970
There are some questions about the link
scene.

1705
01:55:36.980 --> 01:55:40.430
It's not working, I believe should be
fixed.

1706
01:55:40.430 --> 01:55:45.080
Or if you click on Titan itself, should
be able to get you to the download link

1707
01:55:45.080 --> 01:55:49.970
in another try. Second thing, we don't
have five minutes left, but I think we

1708
01:55:49.970 --> 01:55:52.040
will go through all the questions as we
can.

1709
01:55:52.730 --> 01:55:55.330
Again, this will be recorded so you can
come back.

1710
01:55:55.340 --> 01:56:00.140
Listen to some of those questions to be
answered if it goes beyond three, but we

1711
01:56:00.140 --> 01:56:01.660
intend to stay a little longer.

1712
01:56:01.700 --> 01:56:04.370
Try to answer all the questions as much
as we can.

1713
01:56:04.820 --> 01:56:06.590
With that, I'll go back to the question.

1714
01:56:09.190 --> 01:56:10.390
So the next one.

1715
01:56:13.080 --> 01:56:18.000
Is how can we compare the isolation and
the activity based

1716
01:56:18.840 --> 01:56:20.070
design techniques?

1717
01:56:24.180 --> 01:56:29.760
You know, that's not something that the
isolation

1718
01:56:29.760 --> 01:56:34.740
provisions were not they were
significantly updated in the last code

1719
01:56:34.740 --> 01:56:38.280
cycle. They were not updated in this
cycle.

1720
01:56:38.580 --> 01:56:43.500
And then the concept of base design or
taking

1721
01:56:43.500 --> 01:56:47.070
advantage of an R factor and using an
Amiga and all that that that concept

1722
01:56:47.070 --> 01:56:50.340
hasn't changed at all. So in terms of is
anything different?

1723
01:56:50.610 --> 01:56:55.410
No. So I'm not quite sure what the
questioner is asking.

1724
01:56:56.460 --> 01:57:01.290
Those isolation, design and and non
installation design are

1725
01:57:02.250 --> 01:57:05.370
very different animals, but they're both
permitted systems.

1726
01:57:05.370 --> 01:57:10.200
Generally, isolation is going to protect
you and reduce the

1727
01:57:10.200 --> 01:57:13.920
amount of motion that gets up in the
building and the

1728
01:57:13.920 --> 01:57:18.720
superstructure know the intent is a
structure has very little damage,

1729
01:57:18.750 --> 01:57:23.670
whereas a tactility based design or
taking advantage, hopefully

1730
01:57:23.670 --> 01:57:27.840
in a controlled way of of damage to the
social system all up and down the

1731
01:57:27.840 --> 01:57:32.280
building. So they they have
fundamentally different design

1732
01:57:32.280 --> 01:57:37.200
techniques that they're based on, but
there's nothing nothing's changed

1733
01:57:37.200 --> 01:57:37.740
in their.

1734
01:57:40.650 --> 01:57:43.560
So the next question I think I can
answer is about the.

1735
01:57:46.150 --> 01:57:51.140
So as far as I'm told by my colleague, I
guess the by the DHS and

1736
01:57:51.160 --> 01:57:55.000
the air and the ICC CEOs.

1737
01:57:55.600 --> 01:57:57.830
The short answer is yes for the future
webinars.

1738
01:57:57.850 --> 01:58:01.290
This will be continually provided for
the updates.

1739
01:58:01.750 --> 01:58:05.830
There will be email follow after the
presentation for those who are still

1740
01:58:05.830 --> 01:58:07.720
alive that we can confirm.

1741
01:58:07.840 --> 01:58:12.190
You at the link that you can create the
certificate easily print by yourself for

1742
01:58:12.190 --> 01:58:13.810
the AIA and ICC.

1743
01:58:13.960 --> 01:58:18.760
Those names will submit those
certificate to and ICC directly.

1744
01:58:20.230 --> 01:58:22.530
Then there is the next print practice
for you.

1745
01:58:22.540 --> 01:58:26.710
I think we the answer to this. Are there
any changes to the default asset class?

1746
01:58:29.500 --> 01:58:31.060
Yeah, that was asked before.

1747
01:58:31.060 --> 01:58:35.500
So we yes, to some extent, right?

1748
01:58:35.530 --> 01:58:40.300
So because we have new classes and we're
envelope

1749
01:58:40.570 --> 01:58:43.750
those there, there are some refinements
to that.

1750
01:58:43.990 --> 01:58:44.200
Yeah.

1751
01:58:45.050 --> 01:58:47.980
And that's one is deep based, in fact
new.

1752
01:58:48.340 --> 01:58:50.880
What is the deep space and what is said?

1753
01:58:50.890 --> 01:58:53.320
Sorry, I went pretty fast through that,
so I apologize.

1754
01:58:54.070 --> 01:58:59.350
So a basin from a seismological point of
view,

1755
01:58:59.350 --> 01:59:04.180
and admittedly this is my understanding
is think of think of an area

1756
01:59:04.180 --> 01:59:09.100
where in geologic time we have bedrock
at depth and then we have

1757
01:59:09.640 --> 01:59:12.070
an alluvial plain on top of that.

1758
01:59:12.070 --> 01:59:16.090
And then we have buildings and mountains
and forests on top of that.

1759
01:59:16.900 --> 01:59:21.730
So the impact of that quote unquote
basin,

1760
01:59:21.730 --> 01:59:26.470
which is the alluvium and sometimes
there's a bay like the San Francisco

1761
01:59:26.470 --> 01:59:29.080
Bay, there's a base center up in
Seattle, there's a basin.

1762
01:59:29.440 --> 01:59:31.840
If you get low enough, there's water in
there.

1763
01:59:31.930 --> 01:59:36.130
But the basin is not just that, it's
it's all that's alluvium.

1764
01:59:36.490 --> 01:59:41.080
And so when it's when it's shallow, you
know, 30 feet, a hundred feet or

1765
01:59:41.080 --> 01:59:45.400
something, it's one thing when it's when
it's really deep, it's different.

1766
01:59:45.400 --> 01:59:49.840
And. And so the the effect of alluvium
and

1767
01:59:49.840 --> 01:59:54.640
basins geometries on the way

1768
01:59:55.510 --> 01:59:57.970
seismic waves come from.

1769
01:59:59.060 --> 02:00:03.170
You know, the epicenter and propagate
through the Earth through those

1770
02:00:03.560 --> 02:00:07.940
media and geometries, it's been known in
the seismological

1771
02:00:07.940 --> 02:00:12.680
community and to some extent in our
codes for a long time, and we've

1772
02:00:12.680 --> 02:00:15.350
known soft soils amplify things.

1773
02:00:15.350 --> 02:00:19.220
And so in a way, that's that's a version
of of this.

1774
02:00:19.220 --> 02:00:24.110
But but the fact that there's basins
that have three dimensional

1775
02:00:24.110 --> 02:00:28.760
geometry, have depth and have waves that
are

1776
02:00:28.760 --> 02:00:33.740
bouncing back and forth within them has
been a hot subject in the

1777
02:00:34.220 --> 02:00:36.110
sophisticated seismological community.

1778
02:00:36.110 --> 02:00:40.970
And it's and is beginning to get
incorporated in in the USGS

1779
02:00:40.970 --> 02:00:42.860
national seismic hazard mapping.

1780
02:00:43.370 --> 02:00:48.380
So the is not new, but the influence of
it,

1781
02:00:48.650 --> 02:00:53.150
which is pretty much an increase in
things, is

1782
02:00:53.150 --> 02:00:55.910
his new and it's not done.

1783
02:00:56.270 --> 02:01:01.250
So that's going to evolve, I think, as
we move forward and as as

1784
02:01:01.250 --> 02:01:05.390
the scientists learn more about that and
the consensus process

1785
02:01:06.170 --> 02:01:07.400
comes to grips with that.

1786
02:01:07.400 --> 02:01:11.240
So I would think, as you know, in this
next cycle, that's going to evolve again

1787
02:01:11.240 --> 02:01:14.300
to some extent. And it is what it is.

1788
02:01:14.300 --> 02:01:18.950
You know, the science and our
understanding of the world is constantly

1789
02:01:18.950 --> 02:01:23.780
changing, and this is one of the things
that has an ongoing, you know, growing

1790
02:01:23.780 --> 02:01:24.890
level of understanding.

1791
02:01:27.590 --> 02:01:30.410
So, but I think that's our last
question.

1792
02:01:31.190 --> 02:01:35.960
Also perfect timing that was a three oh
two that's want to thank you again and

1793
02:01:35.960 --> 02:01:41.000
also thank you, Mike, for president
presentation

1794
02:01:41.000 --> 02:01:43.910
today. I think he's the virtual world
that we did.

1795
02:01:43.910 --> 02:01:48.140
Oh, you put a virtual round of applause
and the thanks again is two hours talk.

1796
02:01:48.500 --> 02:01:53.150
That's not easy. So for all the
audience, thank you for calling in and

1797
02:01:53.330 --> 02:01:55.080
hopefully find this useful again.

1798
02:01:55.100 --> 02:01:58.430
Please feel free to check out the future
webinars we do have.

1799
02:01:58.580 --> 02:02:03.020
This is a webinar series covers all the
topics that provide an

1800
02:02:03.020 --> 02:02:07.220
overview, but will be deep dive in each
of those topics.

1801
02:02:07.820 --> 02:02:11.900
All those webinars are up to the website
is open for registration.

1802
02:02:12.110 --> 02:02:14.960
So make sure put that on your calendar
with that.

1803
02:02:14.990 --> 02:02:18.980
Thank you, everyone, and I hope everyone
have the rest of the rest today.

1804
02:02:19.460 --> 02:02:20.390
Thank you. Right now.

1805
02:02:20.840 --> 02:02:21.800
All right, take care of one.