BIM Use Definitions (BUD) Standard
Summary
The BIM Use Definitions (BUD) module provides a common framework and consistent terminology for communicating the purposes for using BIM for a given project or within an organization. The module outlines a list of attributes for BIM Uses and describes the parameters of a BIM Use Case. The module includes the workgroup’s consensus on sixteen (16) of the most widely adopted BIM Uses across the construction industry.
BIM Use Definitions are not intended to describe means and methods; however, necessary components of the BIM Use have been identified (i.e., prerequisites, input, output, etc.). The module lays the groundwork for additional BIM Uses to be added in the future as they merit inclusion. Methods of establishing BIM requirements can be found in the Project BIM Requirements module. Additionally, it is the hope that future iterations may include methodology for applying specific BIM Uses and BIM Use Cases.
The module is intended to support a wide array of project types and sectors, including both buildings and infrastructure. The BIM Use Definitions module should be used in conjunction with the NBIMS-US™ Project BIM Requirements and BIM Execution Planning modules. BIM Uses should be paired with a specific method and targeted outcome to develop or implement a BIM Use Case.
In Summary, the BIM Use Definitions module outlines what a BIM Use is, provides a list of broadly adopted BIM Uses including their definition and associated attributes, and a protocol for referencing the BIM Uses in other resources.
Why is this Standard Important?
Communication within any given project and amongst project stakeholders is key to success. The purpose of the BIM Use Definitions module is to identify the necessary elements for defining a BIM Use, along with defining the commonly adopted BIM Uses on projects.
Having defined BIM Uses and a defined framework provides the following benefits:
- Establishes a common language for communicating how BIM is applied during the life of a project,
- Includes the BIM Use and its attributes,
- Focuses on the objectives being achieved through BIM, and
- Lays the groundwork for developing BIM Use Cases.
Additionally, having the framework and terminology established in this module enables expansive growth of BIM Uses in a consistent manner. The list of BIM Uses in this module are not exhaustive, but a structure is provided to define additional BIM Uses as BIM adoption increases.
Who is the Audience?
BIM Uses apply to many project stakeholders across various project types and within and across an array of project phases. The primary audiences of this module are the owner and the project delivery team members for all projects implementing BIM at any stage of the delivery process. The owner and project team can use this module as a communication mechanism to establish shared meaning and understanding of specific BIM Uses for any given project. The owner specifically can use this module to identify or define the BIM Uses that provide value to their project or organization. The project team can use this module to plan for BIM Use Case adoption within their team and the integration and progression of BIM Use Cases on any given project.
When should this module be used?
The BIM Use Definitions module should be used during project planning and any time communication of BIM Uses is needed. As additional project stakeholders join any given project, a review of the project-specific BIM Uses and their attributes should occur. The module should be referenced for any of the included BIM Uses. The module should also be used when planning additional BIM Uses or BIM Use Cases. The module should be referenced as a companion resource to BIM Execution Planning.
What is Contained in the Module?
This module includes the following items:
- A BIM Use development process for creating a BIM Use or a BIM Use Case,
- A list of attributes that apply to any given BIM Use, and
- A detailed listing of 16 widely adopted BIM Uses with their specific attributes.
How Should this Module be Used?
The module can be used as a library of BIM Uses or as a framework to develop and define additional BIM Uses and/or BIM Use Cases. The owner and project team can leverage this module to document and communicate project-specific BIM Uses. This module should also be used in conjunction with Project BIM Requirements and BIM Execution Planning.
How was this Version of the BUD Module Developed?
The Planning Committee of the National BIM Standard commissioned the BIM Use Definitions Workgroup to identify appropriate BIM Use definitions and development methodology for inclusion in the NBIMS-US™. The workgroup was comprised of industry representatives from across multiple sectors including both buildings and infrastructure with a variety of professional experience with BIM. The workgroup gathered BIM Uses from version 3 of NBIMS-US™ and other industry sources. Each BIM Use was analyzed and discussed by the workgroup to identify attributes and commonly adopted practices. Existing BIM Uses were evaluated for any necessary revisions to align with current industry practices. Through a consensus process, the workgroup collaboratively identified and refined a list of broadly adopted BIM Uses and populated the attributes of each. The workgroup recognized that additional BIM Uses exist; however, only BIM Uses that had matured to a level of adoption and standardization merited inclusion.
The workgroup further developed a standardized, structured approach to develop BIM Uses to provide flexibility to create or document additional BIM Uses consistent with the national standard.
This standard was developed by the NBIMS-US™ BIM Use Definition Workgroup. Voting members of this workgroup include Ralph Kreider (Chair), Alex Belkofer, Sagata Bhawani, Ghang Lee, Brandon Meinert, Francesca Maier, John Messner, Lance Parve, Kevin Silveira, and Dana Smith. Additional contributors include Dominique Fernandez (NIBS), Johnny Fortune (NIBS), Roger Grant (NIBS), and Jay Kline (NIBS).
Building Information Modeling (BIM) Uses provide a common language for communicating how BIM is applied during the life of a project. The BIM Uses include both the BIM Use itself and the attributes of the BIM Use. A BIM Use is the purpose for applying BIM. BIM Uses focus on the objectives being achieved through BIM rather than specific BIM Use Cases. A BIM Use Case is a BIM Use with a specific methodology and outcome achieved. Methods used to implement a BIM Use vary from project to project or implementation to implementation. Additionally, the specific outcome(s) depends on phase, trade, and Owner requirements. BIM Use Cases, including both methods and outcomes, should be defined during specific implementations of BIM on a project or within an organization.
The provided list of BIM Uses outlined in this standard does not attempt to be comprehensive; rather, the list of BIM Uses focuses on those BIM Uses that are more widely adopted throughout the industry. The BIM Use definitions provide a structure to define additional BIM Uses as these applications of BIM mature.
This standard identifies various BIM Uses project teams may leverage to implement BIM on a project along with example methods and outcomes to achieve the BIM Use. BIM Uses provide consistent terminology for the purposes of applying BIM. When implementing a BIM Use, ensure that the specific method and outcomes are also identified. The combination of a BIM Use, a specific method, and a specific outcome is a BIM Use Case. The BIM Uses were gathered from Version 3 of NBIMS-US™ and other industry sources, then compiled through a consensus process as described below. In the end, the BIM Use Definition Workgroup identified sixteen (16) BIM Uses with attributes that can be used to develop project BIM requirements, processes, and BIM deliverables.
While the list of BIM Uses outlined in this document is meant to capture the most adopted BIM Uses within the built environment, the BIM Use Definition Workgroup fully recognizes that additional BIM Uses exist. However, the workgroup felt those BIM Uses had not yet matured to a level of adoption and standardization to merit inclusion into the primary list of BIM Uses. The workgroup’s aim is to develop a list of BIM Uses that apply across all construction sectors; market sector-specific BIM Uses were omitted, regardless of the level of maturity within that market sector. In the future, other BIM Uses may be balloted for inclusion in the primary list as the technology and process around BIM mature.
The BIM Uses module outlines what a BIM Use is, provides a list of primary BIM Uses and associated Attributes, the Definition for those BIM Uses, and a protocol for referencing the BIM Uses in other resources. This standard is not comprehensive of all potential BIM Uses, rather focused on those more widely adopted BIM Uses across the construction industry and provides a framework for identifying additional BIM Uses as they merit inclusion. The standard does not include a methodology for applying BIM Uses, nor a method of establishing BIM requirements.
A BIM Use to examine and evaluate a built environment asset’s design to assess its functionality, and compliance with various criteria and requirements.
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS-US™ V4]
The entity that is contracted for and provides information concerning works, goods, or services.
[Source: ISO 19650-1:2018(en), modified – added ‘the entity that is contracted for and provides’]
[Also known as contractor, designer, consultant, architect, engineer, subcontractor, subconsultant]
The entity that holds the contract and receives information concerning works, goods, or services.
[Source: ISO 19650-1:2018(en), modified – added ‘the entity that is contracted for and receives’]
[Also known as owner, client]
A BIM Use to develop a design using BIM authoring software with 3D and attribute information for a built environment asset leveraging an object library of parametric elements.
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS-US™ V4]
A BIM Use to generate the design of non-permanent elements in a model necessary to construct a project.
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS-US™ V4]
A plan that explains how the information management aspects of a project will be carried out by the project team.
[Source: ISO 19650-2:2018(en), 3.1.3.1 – modified ‘delivery team’ to ‘project team’]
See Appointment BIM Execution Plan (ABEP) and Project BIM Execution Plan (PBEP).
The purpose for applying BIM. BIM Use includes name, definition, and related terms.
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS- US, V4]
A specific methodology and outcome achieved when applying a BIM Use on a project(s) or within an organization(s). A BIM Uses Case includes a BIM Use name, followed by the method, followed by the outcome.
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS-US, V4]
Functions of controlling the acquisition, analysis, retention, retrieval, and distribution of built environment asset information all within an information processing system
[Source: ISO/IEC 20944-1:2013(en), modified term – added “building” to specify information about built environment assets, and modified the definition – added ‘built environment asset’ to the definition of Information Management to clarify the specific management of ‘building’ information.]
Note: Within the term, ‘building’ refers to the process of building a built environment asset, not a specific type of facility. BIM is a function that can be implemented across all types of built environment assets, including buildings, bridges, highways, tunnels, process plants, landscape, and other infrastructure and facility types.
A shared digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a built environment asset.
[Source: NBIMS-US™ Version 3, modified – added the word ‘shared’ and added the words ‘and built asset’– see Note 2 and Note 3]
Note 1: NBIMS-US™ Version 3 also included “As such it serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility, forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life cycle from inception onwards.”
Note 2: Added the word ‘shared’ to the definition to be more consistent with ISO/TS 12911:2012(en) definition. The ISO definition uses the term ‘built object’ instead of ‘facility’ and adds facility types including ‘buildings, bridges, roads, process plant’.
Note 3: Added the words ‘built environment assets’ to specify that a building information model can include representations of buildings, roads, bridges, plants, and other built assets.
Generating and using a shared digital representation of a built environment asset to facilitate design, construction, and operation processes to form a reliable basis for decisions.
[Source: ISO 19650-1:2018(en), 3.3.14, modified – revised ‘Use’ to ‘Generating and using’]
A BIM Use to collect current information about the built environment to include in a model.
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS-US™ V4]
A BIM Use to capture and document project and asset information for the purpose of communicating the work performed, progress made, and compliance with requirements at project completion.
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS-US™ V4]
A BIM Use to verify the overall design layout and spatial arrangement of systems by applying construction means and methods and additional spatial constraints (such as code requirements, maintenance access and clearances) to validate the constructability of the project.
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS-US™ V4]
A BIM Use to capture and monitor key project aspects and scope such as area, spatial, functional, asset, deliverable, code, end user, organizational, and other stakeholder requirements using a data-centric approach.
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS-US™ V4]
A BIM Use to extract project, site, and asset quantity information from model(s) to support the development of project and/or lifecycle cost estimates.
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS-US™ V4]
A BIM Use to generate the manufacturing and/or construction details in a model necessary to fabricate elements of a project.
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS-US™ V4]
A BIM Use to establish and mark features of work on a construction project using real-time positioning supported by model data.
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS-US™ V4]
A BIM Use to track asset performance and ensure proper maintenance to improve longevity and optimize functionality.
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS-US™ V4]
A BIM Use to allocate, organize, and optimize the use of the physical space of a built environment asset.
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS-US™ V4]
A BIM Use to assess and evaluate the performance of a built environment asset to ensure it operates efficiently, effectively, and with performance standards.
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS-US™ V4]
The entity that holds the contract and receives information concerning works, goods, or services.
[Source: ISO 19650-1:2018(en) defined as appointing party, added ‘the entity that is contracted for and receives’]
[Also known as appointing party*]
*Note: NBIMS-US™ recognizes the term appointing party, but uses the term owner in the standard documents as it is recognized as the common term used in the US market. These should be considered interchangeable.
A BIM Use to generate documentation to communicate design intent and construction details which may include plans, elevations, sections, renderings, data schedules, 3D diagrams, or specifications.
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS-US™ V4]
Owner [Appointing Party] and all delivery teams.
[Source: ISO 19650-1:2018(en), added “owner”]
A BIM Use to validate the design intent and constructability of the project based on meeting project requirements and stakeholder expectations, and regulatory compliance (such as validating design quality, 3D model quality, and data quality).
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS-US™ V4]
A BIM Use to represent and communicate the timing and/or sequencing of construction activities graphically using a model.
[Source: BIM Use Definitions Module, NBIMS-US™ V4]
The content developed within the BIM Use Definitions is an extension of the BIM Project Execution Planning Guide at CIC (2022).
The following documents are referenced throughout the development of the BIM Use Definitions ballot:
- BIM Execution Plan Standard, Version 3, U.S. National BIM Standard, 2015 (NIBS 2015).
- Computer Integrated Construction Research Program. BIM Project Execution Planning Guide—Version 2.1. University Park, PA, USA: The Pennsylvania State University, 2011. https://bim.psu.edu/
- ISO 19650-2, Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil engineering works, including building information modelling (BIM) — Information management using building information modelling — Part 2: Delivery phase of the assets
- ISO 29481-1:2016, Building information models — Information delivery manual — Part 1: Methodology and format
- ISO 29481-3:2022, Building information models — Information delivery manual — Part 3: Data schema
- Ralph Kreider and John Messner (2013). The Uses of Building Information Modeling, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, available at bim.psu.edu https://bim.psu.edu/
- The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (November 12, 2020). Digital Delivery Directive 2025 Final Strategic Plan, Harrisburg, PA. https://www.penndot.pa.gov/ProjectAndPrograms/3D2025/Documents/Final%20Strategic%20Plan%20V1.0.pdf
- Ralph Kreider (2013). An Ontology on the Uses of Building Information Modeling. PhD Dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Part, PA.
- "Project Structure - Tetralogy of BIM." National BIM Standard — United States, 2013. https://www.nationalbimstandard.org/nbims-us-v3/tetralogy-of-bim
- Sacks, R., Eastman, C., Lee, G., & Teicholz, P. (2018). BIM handbook: A guide to building information modeling for owners, designers, engineers, contractors, and facility managers. John Wiley & Sons.
These reference documents may also be used as resources for developing additional BIM Uses.
BIM Uses were developed through a consensus effort by a committee made up of BIM experts from multiple disciplines and market sectors. The committee worked to identify the unique reasons why BIM is implemented through the life of projects and facilities.
The development included gathering BIM Uses from existing versions of NBIMS and other sources. Each BIM Use was discussed within the BIM Use Definition Workgroup and evaluated for any necessary revisions to align with current industry practices. The workgroup included a standardized, structured approach to develop BIM Uses, which provides flexibility to create or document additional BIM Uses consistent with the national standard. While the BIM Use Definitions are not intended to describe means and methods, necessary components of the BIM Use have been identified (i.e., prerequisites, input, output, etc.).
Additional considerations of the BIM Use Definition Workgroup included:
- Conducting a detailed review of BIM Uses from existing resources referenced above, engaged sound scholarly research and user interviews/surveys to identify additional BIM Uses that are candidates for inclusion.
- Evaluated the list of BIM Uses for inclusion in primary list of BIM Uses based on:
- Is this BIM Use Widely Adopted?
- Is this BIM Use Essential to successfully adopting BIM on a project?
- Is this BIM Use a part of another BIM Use?
- Has the technology and/or processes facilitating this BIM Use matured beyond the research and development or piloting phase?
- Is this BIM Use representative of all phases and market sectors rather than only specific to one?
- Created a framework for BIM Uses including:
- Identifying the necessary attributes of a BIM Use.
- Creating a naming convention for a BIM Use beginning with a verb.
- Consolidated and expanded upon BIM Uses based on similar purposes which greatly reduced the number of BIM Uses because the traditional list included elements such as Phase, Level of Development, or Key Stakeholder.
- Consolidating terms that use different technology to achieve the same purpose.
- Consolidating terms that identified different Levels of Development (LOD) or project phases. While a BIM Use may apply to a single phase of a project, the goal of the BIM Use could also be achieved over multiple phases.
- Consolidating terms that used different party or stakeholders.
- Reviewed of preliminary BIM Uses by outside experts and industry practitioners.
The workgroup identified the most broadly adopted BIM Uses. Other BIM Uses exist outside of those identified and may be included in a future version of this module as their maturity merits inclusion. The BIM Use names are organized using verb noun format to highlight the objective being achieved by implementing the BIM Use. When referencing a BIM Use, the name of the BIM Use along with BIM Use Version should be included, i.e., Author Design (AuthorDesign- 4.0-1).

Table 1. Identified BIM Use by Typical Project Phase (Note that phases are representative only and specific BIM Use Cases can be often implemented in any phase.)
Name | Definition | Related Terms |
---|---|---|
GATHER | ||
1 Capture Conditions | Collect current information about the built environment to include in a model | Existing Condition Modeling, Laser Scanning, Reality Capture, Integrated Surveying, Photogrammetry, Photo/Video Documentation |
GENERATE | ||
2 Establish Project Requirements | Capture and monitor key project aspects and scope such as area, spatial, functional, asset, deliverable, code, end user, organizational, and other stakeholder requirements using a data-centric approach. | Scoping Requirements, Identify Project Characteristics, Programming Requirements, Design Criteria, Architectural Programming |
3 Author Design | Develop a design using BIM authoring software with 3D and attribute information for a built environment asset leveraging an object library of parametric elements. | Design Authoring, Design Authoring and Briefing, Modeling, Discipline Modeling, Model Generation, Generative/Parametric Modeling, Federated Design Model, Design to Maintain, Product Selection, Product Library |
4 Generate Fabrication Details | Author manufacturing and/or construction details in a model necessary to fabricate elements of a project. | Shop Modeling, Fabrication Modeling, Construction Model, Federated Construction Model, Digital Fabrication |
5 Author Temporary Work | Generate the design of non-permanent elements necessary to construct a project. | Temporary Works Models, Construction System Design |
6 Generate Estimates | Extract project, site, and asset quantity information from model(s) to support the development of project and/or lifecycle cost estimates. | 5D, Quantity Takeoff, QTO, Cost Estimating, Engineers Estimate, Cost Analysis, Total Cost of Ownership |
ANALYZE | ||
7 Analyze Design | Examine and evaluate a built environment asset design to assess its functionality, and compliance with various criteria and requirements. | Design Analysis, Engineering Analysis, Mechanical Analysis, Electrical Analysis, Structural Analysis, Energy Analysis, Lighting Analysis, Building System Analysis, Sustainability Analysis, Carbon Impact Analysis, emergency evacuation planning, Disaster Planning/EM Preparation, Site Analysis, Simulation, Spatial Analysis, Sustainability LEED Planning, Code Validation, Way Finding |
8 Sequence Construction | Represent and communicate the timing and/or sequencing of construction activities graphically using a model. | 4D Modeling, Phase Planning (4D), Constructability, Schedule Visualization, Sequencing, Site Utilization Planning, Construction Simulation, Construction Logistics, 4D Scheduling, 4D BIM |
9 Coordinate Design and Construction | Verify the design layout and spatial arrangement of systems by applying construction means and methods and additional spatial constraints (such as code requirements, maintenance access and clearances) to validate the constructability of the project | 3D Coordination, MEP Coordination, Clash Management, Interference management, Spatial coordination, Clash detection |
10 Review Design | Validate the design intent and constructability of the project based on meeting project requirements and stakeholder expectations, and regulatory compliance (such as validating design quality, 3D model quality, and data quality). | Virtual Mock-up, Data validation, Validating Project Requirements, Design Review, Model Quality Review, Value Analysis / Engineering, Constructability, Sustainability, Maintainability |
COMMUNICATE | ||
11 Produce Construction Documentation | Generate documentation to communicate design intent and construction details which may include plans, elevations, sections, renderings, data schedules, 3D diagrams, or specifications. | Plans, Specifications, and Estimates (PS&E), Produce Drawings, Working Drawings, Contract Documents, Contract Drawings, CDs, Produce Documentation to Perform Procurement |
12 Compile Record Deliverables | Capture and document project and asset information for the purpose of communicating the work performed, progress made, and compliance with requirements at the project completion. | Record Modeling, As-Built Modeling, As-Built Markup, Turnover Documents, Digital Markups, Project Record, Facility Data/COBie Deliverable, Operations & Maintenance Manuals |
REALIZE | ||
13 Layout Construction | Establish and mark features of work on a construction project using real-time positioning supported by model data. | Digital Layout, Automated Machine Guidance, Digital Control, Machine Control |
MANAGE | ||
14 Manage Assets | Track asset performance and ensure proper maintenance to improve longevity and optimize functionality. | Asset Management, Asset Planning, Capital Management, Maintenance Management |
15 Manage Space | Allocate, organize, and optimize the use of the physical space of a built environment asset. | Space Management, Space Utilization, Space Requirement Analysis, Space Inventory, Space Allocation, Traffic Flow and Circulation Planning |
16 Monitor Performance | Assess and evaluate the performance of a built environment asset to ensure it operates efficiently, effectively, and with performance standards. | Monitor System Performance, Performance tracking, Building System Analysis. |
Attributes have been defined for each BIM Use to further explain, expand upon, and relate other BIM Uses as well as provide commentary and guidance on applying the BIM Use on a project or within an organization. The information for each attribute is not intended to be comprehensive but rather to provide examples and general guidance.
The BIM Use attributes defined by the workgroup include:
- Name: Title of the BIM Use in the format of a verb and noun(s) such as Author Design.
- Definition: Concise description of the BIM Use, typically to be limited to one to two sentences.
- Related Terms: Synonyms or other widely used terms for similar BIM Uses and/or sub–BIM Uses to be provided as a list.
- Example BIM Use Cases (Methods and Outcomes): Example(s) of specific method(s) of applying a BIM Use(s) on a project(s) or within an organization(s) to be formatted with the BIM Use Name, followed by the desired outcome, then the method to achieve that outcome. Examples are included rather than a comprehensive list.
- Potential Benefits: Potential gains achieved on a project or within an organization from adopting the BIM Use. The list of benefits is not designed to be exhaustive. Additionally, some benefits can be directly attributed to the BIM Use, while other benefits can only be partially attributed. Formatted in a list with the benefit first.
- Considerations / Commentary: Information on how to apply and/or when to use the BIM Use. Limited to one to two paragraphs with concise considerations for those adopting the BIM Use.
- Inputs: A list of example deliverables that enable the BIM Use.
- Outputs: A list of example deliverables generated by the BIM Use.
- Predecessor BIM Use(s): Other BIM Uses that are typically implemented prior to this BIM Use.
- Successor BIM Use(s): Other BIM Uses that are typically implemented after this BIM Use.
- Competencies: A list of recommended skills necessary to implement the BIM Use. Consider evaluating a team’s competency with these skills prior adopting / requiring a BIM Use.
- Methods / Tools: Example processes and technologies (including hardware and software) used to implement the BIM Use. Methods / Tools are generic and do not specify any particular brand or company.
- Resources: Implementation Guides, Case Studies, Standards, and Studies, that provide more details on the BIM Use.
- Implementation Resources: A sample list of assets that provide guidance on how to adopt and implement the BIM Use.
- References and Case Studies: A list of sources that provide commentary on the definition, business case, and examples of implementations of the BIM Use.
- Note: Often, software vendors have specific implementation resources to describe in detail how their tools support specific BIM Uses.
- ID / Version: Unique identifier for the BIM Uses, combined with version reference for the BIM Use definition within the US National BIM Standard. The ID / Version is formatted with the NBIMS-US BIM Use ID number followed by the BIMUseName-NBIMS VERSION-BIM Use Version such as 03 - AuthorDesign-4.0-1.
- Author: The individual or organization that identified, documented, and consolidated the BIM Use in its current form. Referenced sources for the BIM Use are to be included in the references and case studies attribute. In some cases, the author may be the initial creator of the BIM Use, while in others, it may be the consolidator and/or balloter of the BIM Use.
The BIM Uses themselves do not define specific methods and outcomes when implementing a BIM Use. Defining specific methods and outcomes is left to the BIM Use Case. As BIM continues to mature, the number of methods and outcomes continues to expand. With that said, when determining how a project team will implement BIM, it is critical to identify the specific method (/technology) being used (i.e., laser scanning) and the specific outcomes that are desired (i.e., a propriety model format).
When identifying the implementation of a BIM Use include the BIM Use, followed by the Method, followed by the Outcome (see Figure 1) to identify a specific BIM Use Case. For example:
- Capture Conditions using UAV with Photogrammetry Processing to Update Site Model.
- Capture Conditions using Laser Scanning with Point Cloud Registration to Update Site Model in IFC format.
- Capture Conditions using Weather Sensor Devices to Identify Current Working Conditions.

Figure 1. BIM Use Components
Below is a list of each BIM Use with its associated attributes.
GATHER
8.1 Capture Conditions
Definition | Collect current information about the built environment to include in a model. |
Related Terms | Existing Condition Modeling, Laser Scanning, Reality Capture, Integrated Surveying, Photogrammetry, Photo/Video Documentation |
BIM Use Case Examples (Methods and Outcomes) |
Capture Conditions using:
|
Potential Benefits |
|
Considerations / Commentary |
|
Inputs |
|
Outputs |
|
Predecessor BIM Uses |
|
Successor BIM Uses |
|
Methods / Tools |
|
Competencies |
|
Resources |
|
ID / Version | 01 - CaptureConditions-4.0-1 |
Author | BIM Use Definition Workgroup |
GENERATE
8.2 Establish Project Requirements
Definition | Capture and monitor key project aspects and scope such as area, spatial, functional, asset, deliverable, code, end user, organizational, and other stakeholder requirements. |
Related Terms | Scoping Requirements, Identify Project Characteristics, Programming Requirements, Design Criteria, Architectural Programing |
BIM Use Case Examples (Methods and Outcomes) |
Establish Project Requirements using:
|
Potential Benefits |
|
Considerations / Commentary | Consider client's BIM Knowledge and understand the client's deliverable requirements. All requirements should clearly identify format, data, and outcome requirements. Establishing Project Requirements is typically performed by client / designer during the early phases of a project. If possible, review available national and international standards and borrow requirements from other similar organizations. |
Inputs |
|
Outputs |
|
Predecessor BIM Uses |
|
Successor BIM Uses |
|
Methods / Tools |
|
Competencies |
|
Resources |
|
ID / Version | 02 - EstablishProjectRequirements-4.0-1 |
Author | BIM Use Definition Workgroup |
8.3 Author Design
Definition | Develop a design using BIM authoring software with 3D and attribute information for a built environment asset/site leveraging an object library of parametric elements. |
Related Terms | Design Authoring, Design Authoring and Briefing, Modeling, Discipline Modeling, Model Generation, Generative/Parametric Modeling, Federated Design Model, Design to Maintain, Product Selection, Product Library |
BIM Use Case Examples (Methods and Outcomes) |
Author Design using:
|
Potential Benefits |
|
Considerations / Commentary |
|
Inputs |
|
Outputs |
|
Predecessor BIM Uses |
|
Successor BIM Uses |
|
Methods / Tools |
|
Competencies |
|
Resources |
|
ID / Version | 03 - AuthorDesign-4.0-1 |
Author | BIM Use Definition Workgroup |
8.4 Generate Fabrication Details
Definition | Generate the manufacturing and/or construction details in a model necessary to fabricate elements of a project. |
Related Terms | Shop Modeling, Fabrication Modeling, Construction Model, Federated Construction Model, Digital Fabrication |
BIM Use Case Examples (Methods and Outcomes) |
Author Fabrication Detail using:
|
Potential Benefits |
|
Considerations / Commentary | Project teams/organizations should assess downstream workflows, formats most suitable, and information need to ensure that fabricators and installers can successfully utilize the fabrication details produced during the BIM process. |
Inputs |
|
Outputs |
|
Predecessor BIM Uses |
|
Successor BIM Uses |
|
Methods / Tools |
|
Competencies |
|
Resources |
|
ID / Version | 04 - GenerateFabricationDetails-4.0-1 |
Author | BIM Use Definition Workgroup |
8.5 Author Temporary Work
Definition | Generate the design of non-permanent elements in a model necessary to construct a project. |
Related Terms | Temporary Works Models, Construction System Design |
BIM Use Case Examples (Methods and Outcomes) |
Author Temporary Work using:
|
Potential Benefits |
|
Considerations / Commentary |
|
Inputs |
|
Outputs |
|
Predecessor BIM Uses |
|
Successor BIM Uses |
|
Methods / Tools |
|
Competencies |
|
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ID / Version | 05 - AuthorTemporaryWork-4.0-1 |
Author | BIM Use Definition Workgroup |
8.6 Generate Estimates
Definition | Extract project, site, and asset quantity information from model(s) to support the development of project and/or lifecycle cost estimates. |
Related Terms | 5D, Quantity Takeoff, QTO, Cost Estimating, Engineers Estimate, Cost Analysis, Total Cost of Ownership |
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Author Estimate using:
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ID / Version | 06 - AuthorEstimate-4.0-1 |
Author | BIM Use Definition Workgroup |
ANALYZE
8.7 Analyze Design
Definition | Examine and evaluate a built environment asset design to assess its functionality, and compliance with various criteria and requirements. |
Related Terms | Design Analysis, Engineering Analysis, Mechanical Analysis, Electrical Analysis, Structural Analysis, Energy Analysis, Lighting Analysis, Building System Analysis, Sustainability Analysis, Carbon Impact Analysis, emergency evacuation planning, Disaster Planning/EM Preparation, Site Analysis, Simulation, Spatial Analysis, Sustainability LEED Planning, Code Validation, Code Validation, Way Finding. |
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Analyze Design using:
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Potential Benefits | BIM enables designers to optimize energy performance, assess natural light levels, and evaluate structural integrity, leading to more efficient and sustainable designs. BIM-based design analysis empowers stakeholders to make informed decisions, identify design improvements, resolve conflicts, and ensure compliance with project objectives and requirements. |
Considerations / Commentary | When using BIM for design analysis, it is important to consider factors such as data accuracy and quality, appropriate level of detail in the BIM model, selection of suitable analysis tools and software, integration and interoperability among different platforms, expertise and training of team members, clear definition of scope and objectives, an iterative and collaborative approach to analysis, and recognition of limitations and uncertainties inherent in the analysis process. By considering these aspects, project teams can ensure accurate and reliable analysis outcomes, leading to optimized design decisions and improved project outcomes. |
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Competencies | Using BIM-based design analysis effectively requires competencies such as a solid understanding of BIM principles and methodologies, proficiency in relevant software tools, data analysis and interpretation skills, domain expertise in the specific analysis discipline, effective collaboration and communication abilities, strong problem-solving skills, a mindset of continuous learning, and knowledge of applicable codes and regulations. These competencies enable professionals to navigate and manipulate BIM models, interpret analysis outputs, make informed design decisions, collaborate with multidisciplinary teams, and stay updated with industry trends. |
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ID / Version | 07 - AnalyzeDesign-4.0-1 |
Author | BIM Use Definition Workgroup |
8.8 Sequence Construction
Definition | Visualize the timing and/or sequencing of construction activities graphically using a model. |
Related Terms | 4D Modeling, Phase Planning (4D), Constructability, Schedule Visualization, Sequencing, Site Utilization Planning, Construction Simulation, Construction Logistics, 4D Scheduling, 4D BIM |
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Sequence Construction using:
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Considerations / Commentary | Project teams should evaluate what elements should be included within a construction such as labor resources, materials and associated deliveries, and equipment location. Because the 3D model components are directly linked to the schedule, site management functions such as visualized planning, short-term re-planning, and resources can be analyzed over different spatial and temporal data. Visualizing Construction Sequencing is a useful tool for planning the phased occupancy of a building during renovation, retrofitting, or addition projects. It can also be used to visualize the construction sequence and space requirements on a building site. By incorporating the element of time, Visualizing Construction Sequencing provides a powerful visualization and communication tool that helps the project team, including the client, to gain a better understanding of the project milestones and construction plans. Consider how tasks that are not associated with model geometry will be tracked/represented in the model. (i.e., permits, submittals, etc.). Considering how the model was/will be developed to support construction sequences visualization (e.g., the designers design intent model will show a slab modeled as one pour however, the contractor may choose to break up the model into multiple pours to align with the sequence of work/schedule). |
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ID / Version | 08 - SequenceConstruction-4.0-1 |
Author | BIM Use Definition Workgroup |
8.9 Coordinate Design and Construction
Definition | Verify the design layout and spatial arrangement of systems by applying construction means and methods and additional spatial constraints (such as code requirements, maintenance access and clearances) to validate the constructability of the project |
Related Terms | 3D Coordination, MEPFP Coordination, Clash Management, Interference Management, Spatial Coordination, Clash Detection, BIM Coordination |
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Coordinate Design and Construction using:
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ID / Version | 09 - CoordinateDesignAndConstruction-4.0-1 |
Author | BIM Use Definition Workgroup |
8.10 Review Design
Definition | Validate the design intent and construction details based on the project requirements and stakeholder expectations (such as validating project design quality, and model/data quality). Note, this BIM Use is not limited to the design phase. |
Related Terms | Data Validation, Validate Compliance with LOD Requirements, Design Review, Model Quality Review, Virtual Mock-up, Owner Approval |
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Review Design Using:
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Considerations / Commentary | Note, this BIM Use is not limited to the design phase, rather the design should be reviewed through all phase of a project. Review Design may have many iterations throughout a project, that range from developing a PDF checklist to utilizing software to produce automated reports on design validity based on specific inputs. |
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ID / Version | 10 - ReviewDesign-4.0-1 |
Author | BIM Use Definition Workgroup |
COMMUNICATE
8.11 Produce Construction Documents
Definition | Generate documentation to communicate design intent and construction details which may include plans, elevations, sections, renderings, data schedules, 3D diagrams, or specifications. |
Related Terms | PS&Es, Produce Drawings, Product Drawings, Working Drawings, Contract Documents, Contract Drawings, Construction Drawings (CDs), Specification Production, Manufacturers Information, Perform Procurement |
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Create Construction Documents using:
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ID / Version | 11 - ProduceConstructionDocuments-4.0-1 |
Author | BIM Use Definition Workgroup |
8.12 Compile Record Deliverables
Definition | Capture and document project and asset information for the purpose of communicating the work performed, progress made, and compliance with requirements at project completion. |
Related Terms | Record Modeling, As-Built Modeling, As-Built Markup, Turnover Documents, Digital Markups, Project Record, Facility Data/COBie Deliverable, Operations & Maintenance Manuals, Commissioning, FM Documentation |
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Compile Record Deliverables using:
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ID / Version | 12 - CompileRecordDeliverables-4.0-1 |
Author | BIM Use Definition Workgroup |
REALIZE
8.13 Layout Construction
Definition | Establish and mark features of work on a construction project using real-time positioning supported by model data. |
Related Terms | Digital Layout, Automated Machine Guidance, Digital Control, Machine Control, Digital Fabrication, Field & Material Tracking |
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Layout Construction using:
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Considerations / Commentary | Construction layout uses survey tools and method but is not a licensed practice. Nevertheless, the person performing layout or preparing the data for the machine control systems needs to have a thorough understanding of survey principles. Control points will improve the overall accuracy of the efforts. |
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ID / Version | 13 - LayoutConstruction-4.0-1 |
Author | BIM Use Definition Workgroup |
MANAGE
8.14 Manage Assets
Definition | Track asset performance and ensure proper maintenance to ensure longevity and optimal functionality. |
Related Terms | Asset Management, Asset Planning, Capital Management, Maintenance Management, Asset Life-cycle Management, Asset Tracking, Asset Inventory Management, Asset Performance Management, Asset Utilization, Communication Device Management, Maintenance & Repair Information, Building Maintenance Scheduling, Security/Key Management |
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Manage Assets using:
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Potential Benefits | Using BIM to aid in managing assets offers benefits to organizations such as improved asset performance, cost savings, compliance, informed decision-making, extended asset lifespans, efficient inventory management, safety and risk management, and stakeholder satisfaction. By utilizing BIM technology, organizations can enhance asset management practices by incorporating 3D models, data integration, and collaborative workflows. BIM enables organizations to create digital representation of assets, facilitating better planning, maintenance, emergency monitoring, natural/living systems monitoring, and utilization throughout the asset life-cycle. With BIM's comprehensive information and visualization capabilities, organizations can make more accurate decisions, optimize resource allocation, and streamline asset management processes, resulting in increased efficiency and improved outcomes. |
Considerations / Commentary | Considerations for using BIM in asset management include data integration, standardization, lifecycle perspective, collaboration, maintenance planning, security, and scalability for open data connections and open API connections. These factors ensure seamless information exchange, consistent data structures, effective maintenance planning, secure data management, and adaptability to future needs. |
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Competencies | Preparing Building Information Modeling (BIM) for asset management requires governance and competencies in BIM knowledge, asset management principles, data management and analysis, proficiency in relevant BIM software, along with an asset management team that can track asset performance analysis, and standards and compliance knowledge. These competencies enable professionals to effectively work with BIM tools, manage asset data, analyze performance metrics, collaborate with stakeholders, ensure compliance, and stay updated with industry advancements. |
Methods / Tools | Computerized Maintenance Management System, Enterprise Asset Management, Preventive Maintenance Management System (PPMS), Computer-Aided Facility Management (CAFM), Maintenance Management System (MMS), Asset Performance Management (APM), Field Service Management (FSM). |
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ID / Version | 14 - ManageAssets-4.0-1 |
Author | BIM Use Definition Workgroup |
8.15 Manage Space
Definition | Allocate, organize, and optimize the use of the physical space of a built environment asset. |
Related Terms | Space Management, Space Utilization, Space Requirement Analysis, Space Inventory, Space Allocation, Traffic Flow, and Circulation Planning |
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Manage Space Using:
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Potential Benefits | It improves space utilization by identifying underutilized areas and optimizing space allocation. BIM enhances design and planning by providing 3D visualization and simulation capabilities, aiding in informed decision-making. BIM fosters collaboration and communication among stakeholders involved in space management, reducing space conflicts. It leads to cost and time savings, better cost estimation, and supports future modifications and renovations. BIM also improves the occupant's experience by designing spaces to meet their specific needs and preferences. Overall, BIM can be used as a source for space management to optimize space utilization, enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve occupant satisfaction. Although BIM can be used as a space management solution it also can be the source of geometry and data for non-BIM space management solutions. |
Considerations / Commentary | Ensuring data accuracy and quality, establishing standardization and consistency in naming and classification, fostering collaborative processes and communication among stakeholders, providing training and skill development, integrating BIM with existing systems, implementing robust security measures and data management practices, and designing the BIM model to be scalable and flexible for future modifications. Space management for many owners involves ongoing changes that happen based on movement of people and assets and must be maintained at a different tempo than a static BIM deliverable. The appropriate level of information needed for day-to-day operations must be considered. By addressing these considerations, organizations can maximize the benefits of BIM technology in space management, including accurate data, efficient collaboration, and adaptability to changing needs. |
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Methods / Tools | Design Authoring tools, Integrated Workplace Management Systems (IWMS), Computer-Aided Facility Management (CAFM) System, Space Visualization and Modeling Tools, Space Analytics and Reporting Tools. |
Competencies | Proficiency in BIM software tools, understanding spatial planning and design principles, data management and organization skills, effective collaboration and communication abilities, problem-solving and critical thinking aptitude, continuous learning and adaptability, knowledge of building regulations and standards, project management proficiency, data analysis and visualization capabilities, and understanding of facility management principles. Developing these competencies through education, training, experience, and self-improvement enables individuals and teams to effectively leverage BIM for space management tasks. |
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ID / Version | 15 - ManageSpace-4.0-1 |
Author | BIM Use Definition Workgroup |
8.16 Monitor Performance
Definition | Assess and evaluate the performance of a built environment asset to ensure it operates efficiently, effectively, and with performance standards. |
Related Terms | Monitor System Performance, Performance tracking, Building System Analysis. |
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Monitor Performance using:
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Potential Benefits | Improves operational efficiency by identifying inefficiencies and optimizing workflows, enhances sustainability through environmental impact assessment and green practices, enables proactive maintenance to prevent breakdowns and optimize schedules, ensures compliance with standards and regulations, facilitates data-driven decision-making for optimized resource allocation, fosters collaboration and communication among stakeholders, and supports lifecycle optimization for long-term benefits. Ultimately, these advantages lead to cost savings, improved occupant comfort, and a more sustainable and efficient built environment asset overall. |
Considerations / Commentary | The BIM model must be established to deliver data to monitoring systems by defining the use cases for monitoring and what data is needed from BIM to support those use cases. For example, using COBie to identify assets and attributes that will be part of the monitoring use. |
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Competencies | Effectively using BIM to deliver data and the model into systems that Monitor Performance requires competencies in BIM software proficiency, as well as alignment with the users and systems that Monitor Performance. Varied skills from stakeholders include data management and analysis, understanding performance metrics and standards, facility systems knowledge, and technical understanding of energy efficiency and maintenance procedures. |
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ID / Version | 16 - MonitorPerformance-4.0-1 |
Author | BIM Use Definition Workgroup |
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NBIMS-US BUD Table | The BUD Table is an Excel spreadsheet that serves as a reference for project-specific BIM Uses as outlined in this standard. The information is provided in tabular format for ease of reference and implementation. | Download |
NBIMS-US BUD Mapping | The BUD Revisions and Mapping document includes several tables that outline revisions to BIM Use titles from previous versions along with common BIM Uses by phase and BIM Use attributes. | Download |