1.1.2 Design Plans

This exchange captures bridge plan details with sufficient information for a contractor to submit a bid and proceed with construction.

The content of this exchange is derived from what is included in the plans for the sample bridge analyzed. Information captured within this exchange includes the following:

• Project identifying information
• Bridge identifying information
• Alignment curves separated into horizontal and vertical curves
• Element placement relative to alignment curves
• Element shape parameters (paths, boundaries, repetition patterns)
• Element material parameters (cross-sections, materials, properties)
• Element 3D geometric shape
• Element 3D presentation of colors and textures (for indicating architectural details)
• Element 2D presentation for fill styles and line styles (for deriving plan renderings, lane striping)
• Composition of elements and voids such as rebar, conduit, drains
• Connections between elements, realizing elements and properties
• System connectivity and flow for distribution elements including drainage
• Bridge elements for abutments, piers, framing, decking
• Building elements for beams, columns, members, plates
• Structural elements for footings, piles, reinforcing
• Plumbing elements for pipes, valves, waste terminals
• Electrical elements for conduit, cables, light fixtures
• Geographic elements for land terrain and features
• Soil boring locations with material layer depths and classification
• Structural load cases indicating designed loads on elements

The information above must reflect design results, and may or may not also include design parameters such as formulas and patterns used to arrive at the design results. In additional to originating model information, derived information such as quantities and structural results are also included in this exchange, as this information was also included in the originating plans. While such information could be generated by software (in the same way that it could by a human based on the plans), it is included according to the same rationale –convenience, verification, or other requirements.

• Quantities applied to elements for count, length, area, volume, weight – gross and net
• Quantity schedule with assigned elements, units, and totals
• Structural result cases indicating governing stresses on elements

In addition to originating model information and derived summary information, to assist users in the transition to digital models, it may also be useful to include 2D plan information such that the same format as found in plans may be derived from the underlying information.

• Request for bid, indicating bid submission date and qualification requirements
• Bid alternates and combinations, with assigned systems and elements
• Schedule constraints, where bonuses or penalties may be applied according to completion dates
• Index of plan sheets with layout information mapping page contents to underlying model

The structure of the bid may be defined to reflect varying bid scenarios such as a fixed contract amount, alternates for separate work that may be accepted or rejected independently, combinations of alternates where discounts may be achieved, line items with unit costs provided where the actual quantity may vary within a defined range, line items with quantities provided where the unit costs may vary according to market conditions (e.g. asphalt pricing index), or a combination of all.

Plan information representative of this exchange may be found at the following links for each state DOT agency:

Design Plans
Entity/Concept	Attributes	Constraints	I	E
IfcAlignment
Surface BSpline Geometry	Representation		O	O
IfcBeam
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcBeamType	O	O
Quantity Sets	IsDefinedBy	Name Qto_BeamBaseQuantities	O	O
Material Profile Set	HasAssociations		R	R
Constraint Association	HasAssociations		O	O
Structural Curve Assignment	ReferencedBy		R	R
Body SweptSolid Geometry	Representation	Identifier Type Geometry Body SweptSolid Swept Solid Geometry Profile Description IfcArbitraryClosedProfileDef Arbitrary solid profile IfcArbitraryProfileDefWithVoids Arbitrary hollow profile IfcIShapeProfileDef I-Shape with equal flange dimensions IfcAsymmetricIShapeProfileDef I-Shape with unequal flange dimensions	O	O
Body AdvancedSweptSolid Geometry	Representation		O	O
Body SweptSolid ParameterizedProfile Geometry	Representation		O	O
Element Decomposition	IsDecomposedBy	RelatedObjects Description IfcReinforcingBar Rebar for concrete girders IfcTendon Tendons for concrete girders IfcTendonAnchor Tendor anchors for concrete girders	O	O
Path Connectivity	ConnectedFrom		R	R
Element Positioning	PositionedFrom	Placement Transform Description VERTICAL WARP Bridge girders are positioned and transformed to follow the alignment curve. VERTICAL PLACE Bridge cap beams and diaphragms are positioned without transformation.	O	O
IfcBeamType
Material Profile Set	HasAssociations		O	O
IfcCableCarrierFitting
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type Description IfcCableCarrierFittingType	O	O
IfcCableCarrierSegment
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcCableCarrierSegmentType	O	O
Material Profile Set Usage	HasAssociations	Name Description Casing Material from which the casing is constructed.	O	O
Ports	PredefinedType IsNestedBy	PredefinedType Name Flow Type Description   Head SINK NOTDEFINED Head connection.   Tail SOURCE NOTDEFINED Tail connection.	O	O
Mapped Geometry	Representation		R	R
IfcCableCarrierSegmentType
Material Profile Set	HasAssociations		R	R
Type Body SweptDisk Geometry	RepresentationMaps		O	O
IfcCivilElement
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcCivilElementType	O	O
Element Decomposition	IsDecomposedBy	RelatedObjects Description IfcWall Cheek walls and wing walls of abutments IfcMember Top segments of piers supporting bridge girder(s) IfcColumn Vertical segments of piers separated by construction joints IfcFooting Footings of piers and abutments IfcPile Piles of piers and abutments IfcPipeSegment Pipe segments to support drainage or de-icing IfcPipeFitting Pipe fittings to support drainage or de-icing IfcCableCarrierSegment Conduit segments to support lighting or signage IfcCableCarrierFitting Conduit fittings to support lighting or signage IfcCovering Architectural panels	R	R
Element Positioning	PositionedFrom	Placement Transform Description HORIZONTAL PLACE Piers and abutments are always placed relative to the horizontal alignment curve and are not transformed.	O	O
Path Connectivity	ConnectedFrom	RelatedElement Description IfcMechanicalFastener Connection from pier or abutment to bearing(s)	O	O
Product Assignment	ReferencedBy	Type Description IfcStructuralCurveMember Idealized representation(s) of element for structural analysis of piers with constant cross-section. IfcStructuralSurfaceMemberVarying Idealized representation(s) of element for structural analysis of piers with varying cross-section. IfcTask Tasks assigned to bridge components indicating applicable construction phases	O	O
IfcCivilElementType
Type Element Aggregation	PredefinedType IsDecomposedBy Decomposes	PredefinedType RelatedObjects Description   IfcPile Piles of piers and abutments   IfcFooting Footings of piers and abutments   IfcColumn Vertical segments of piers separated by construction joints   IfcMember Top segments of piers supporting bridge girder(s)	O	O
Type Axis Geometry	RepresentationMaps		O	O
IfcColumn
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcColumnType	O	O
Quantity Sets	IsDefinedBy	Name Qto_ColumnBaseQuantities	O	O
IfcColumnType
Material Profile Set	HasAssociations		O	O
IfcCostItem
Object Nesting	IsNestedBy	Type IfcCostItem	O	O
Control Assignment	Controls	Type Description IfcElement Elements assigned to quantity line item.	R	R
IfcCostSchedule
Object Nesting	IsNestedBy	Type Description IfcCostItem Each quantity line item is nested directly under the cost schedule in order.	O	O
IfcCovering
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType		O	O
IfcCoveringType
Material Layer Set With Style	HasAssociations		O	O
IfcElement
Element Occurrence Attributes	Tag		O	O
Product Local Placement	ObjectPlacement	Type Relative Description IfcLocalPlacement IfcLocalPlacement Relative placement according to position and rotation relative to container. IfcLocalPlacement Absolute placement according to position and rotation of world coordinate system.	R	R
Product Assignment	ReferencedBy	Type Description IfcTask Tasks assigned to bridge components indicating applicable construction phases	O	O
IfcElementAssembly
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcElementAssemblyType	O	O
Element Positioning	PositionedFrom		O	O
IfcElementAssemblyType
Aggregation	PredefinedType IsDecomposedBy Decomposes	PredefinedType RelatedObjects Description   IfcMember Members within the assembly.   IfcPlate Plates within the assembly.   IfcElementComponent Components within the assembly.	O	O
IfcFooting
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcFootingType	O	O
Quantity Sets	IsDefinedBy	Name Qto_FootingBaseQuantities	O	O
Body SweptSolid PolyCurve Geometry	Representation		R	R
Volume Connectivity	ConnectedFrom	Type IfcPile	O	O
IfcGeographicElement
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcGeographicElementType	O	O
IfcJunctionBox
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcJunctionBoxType	O	O
IfcLightFixture
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcLightFixtureType	O	O
Element Positioning	PositionedFrom		O	O
Mapped Geometry	Representation		O	O
IfcLightFixtureType
Type Body Tessellated Geometry	RepresentationMaps		O	O
Type Lighting Geometry	RepresentationMaps		O	O
IfcMaterial
Property Sets for Objects	PredefinedType IsDefinedBy	PredefinedType Name Properties   Pset_MaterialCommon Single Value Name Value MolecularWeight IfcMolecularWeightMeasure Porosity IfcNormalisedRatioMeasure MassDensity IfcMassDensityMeasure   Pset_MaterialConcrete Single Value Name Value CompressiveStrength IfcPressureMeasure MaxAggregateSize IfcPositiveLengthMeasure AdmixturesDescription IfcText Workability IfcText WaterImpermeability IfcText ProtectivePoreRatio IfcNormalisedRatioMeasure   Pset_MaterialMechanical Single Value Name Value DynamicViscosity IfcDynamicViscosityMeasure YoungModulus IfcModulusOfElasticityMeasure ShearModulus IfcModulusOfElasticityMeasure PoissonRatio IfcPositiveRatioMeasure ThermalExpansionCoefficient IfcThermalExpansionCoefficientMeasure   Pset_MaterialSteel Single Value Name Value YieldStress IfcPressureMeasure UltimateStress IfcPressureMeasure UltimateStrain IfcPositiveRatioMeasure HardeningModule IfcModulusOfElasticityMeasure ProportionalStress IfcPressureMeasure PlasticStrain IfcPositiveRatioMeasure	O	O
IfcMechanicalFastener
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcMechanicalFastenerType	O	O
Structural Point Assignment	ReferencedBy		O	O
IfcMember
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcMemberType	O	O
Quantity Sets	IsDefinedBy	Name Qto_MemberBaseQuantities	O	O
Surface Connectivity	ConnectedFrom	Type IfcPlate	R	R
IfcObject
Property Sets for Objects	PredefinedType IsDefinedBy		O	O
IfcPile
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcPileType	O	O
Quantity Sets	IsDefinedBy	Name Qto_PileBaseQuantities	O	O
Mapped Geometry	Representation		O	O
Pattern Geometry	Representation		O	O
IfcPipeFitting
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcPipeFittingType	O	O
IfcPipeSegment
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcPipeSegmentType	O	O
IfcPlate
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcPlateType	O	O
Quantity Sets	IsDefinedBy	Name Qto_PlateBaseQuantities	O	O
Surface Connectivity	ConnectedFrom	Type Description IfcBeam Plates may be attached to beams, functioning as stiffeners or gusset plates.	R	R
Body SweptSolid Extruded Arbitrary Geometry	Representation		O	O
Product Assignment	ReferencedBy	Type Description IfcStructuralSurfaceMember Idealized structural representation of plate. IfcTask Tasks assigned to bridge components indicating applicable construction phases	O	O
IfcPlateType
Type Body SweptSolid Extruded Arbitrary Geometry	RepresentationMaps		O	O
Type Body SweptSolid Extruded Arbitrary Void Geometry	RepresentationMaps		O	O
IfcProfileDef
Property Sets for Objects	PredefinedType IsDefinedBy	PredefinedType Name Properties   Pset_ProfileMechanical Single Value Name Value MassPerLength IfcMassPerLengthMeasure CrossSectionArea IfcAreaMeasure Perimeter IfcPositiveLengthMeasure MinimumPlateThickness IfcPositiveLengthMeasure MaximumPlateThickness IfcPositiveLengthMeasure CentreOfGravityInX IfcLengthMeasure CentreOfGravityInY IfcLengthMeasure ShearCentreZ IfcLengthMeasure ShearCentreY IfcLengthMeasure MomentOfInertiaY IfcMomentOfInertiaMeasure MomentOfInertiaZ IfcMomentOfInertiaMeasure MomentOfInertiaYZ IfcMomentOfInertiaMeasure TorsionalConstantX IfcMomentOfInertiaMeasure WarpingConstant IfcWarpingConstantMeasure ShearDeformationAreaZ IfcAreaMeasure ShearDeformationAreaY IfcAreaMeasure MaximumSectionModulusY IfcSectionModulusMeasure MinimumSectionModulusY IfcSectionModulusMeasure MaximumSectionModulusZ IfcSectionModulusMeasure MinimumSectionModulusZ IfcSectionModulusMeasure TorsionalSectionModulus IfcSectionModulusMeasure ShearAreaZ IfcAreaMeasure ShearAreaY IfcAreaMeasure PlasticShapeFactorY IfcPositiveRatioMeasure PlasticShapeFactorZ IfcPositiveRatioMeasure	O	O
IfcProject
Spatial Decomposition	IsDecomposedBy	Spatial Parts Description IfcSite If referenced, the site is the root of the spatial structure.	R	R
Project Declaration	Declares Phase ObjectType LongName	Type Description IfcProjectLibrary Referenced projects incorporated into this project. IfcTypeObject Type definitions defined by this project. IfcActor Actors participating in this project. IfcCostSchedule Quantity takeoff schedules. IfcTask Stages of bridge construction, assigned to corresponding girder framing. IfcStructuralAnalysisModel Structural analysis model with sufficient detail to describe load combinations and results for camber ordinates, but not necessarily full result details. IfcDistributionSystem Distribution systems for drainage or electrical conduit	O	O
Project Units	UnitsInContext Phase ObjectType LongName	DerivedUnitType Description Length unit as meters, millimeters, or inches.	R	R
Project Representation Context	RepresentationContexts Phase ObjectType LongName	ContextIdentifier ContextType Description Model 3D Context for all 3D geometry. Plan 2D Context for all 2D annotations.	R	R
Project Global Positioning	RepresentationContexts Phase ObjectType LongName		O	O
Project Document Information	HasAssociations Phase ObjectType LongName Identification		O	O
IfcProjectLibrary
Project Declaration	Declares Phase ObjectType LongName		O	O
Project Units	UnitsInContext Phase ObjectType LongName		O	O
IfcRailing
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcRailingType	O	O
Material Profile Set	HasAssociations		O	O
Constraint Association	HasAssociations		O	O
Element Positioning	PositionedFrom	Placement Transform Description VERTICAL WARP Bridge railings are positioned and transformed to follow the alignment curve.	O	O
IfcRailingType
Material Profile Set	HasAssociations		O	O
Type Element Aggregation	PredefinedType IsDecomposedBy Decomposes	PredefinedType RelatedObjects Description   IfcMember Posts, rails, or spindles of explicit shape with optional explicit parametric constraints.   IfcMemberStandardCase Posts, rails, or spindles of implicit shape based on material profile.	O	O
Type Body CSG Geometry	RepresentationMaps		O	O
IfcRamp
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcRampType	O	O
IfcRampFlight
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcRampFlightType	O	O
IfcReinforcingBar
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcReinforcingBarType	O	O
Pattern Geometry	Representation		O	O
IfcReinforcingBarType
Material Profile Set	HasAssociations		O	O
Type Body SweptDisk Geometry	RepresentationMaps		R	R
Constraint Association	HasAssociations		O	O
Reinforcing Bar Type Attributes	NominalDiameter CrossSectionArea BarLength BarSurface BendingShapeCode BendingParameters		R	R
IfcReinforcingMesh
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcReinforcingMeshType	O	O
Volume Connectivity	ConnectedFrom	Type Description IfcBuildingElement The building element where mesh is anchored and where initial concrete pour occures, such as a footing, column, beam, or slab.	R	R
IfcReinforcingMeshType
Type Element Aggregation	PredefinedType IsDecomposedBy Decomposes	PredefinedType RelatedObjects   IfcReinforcingBar	R	R
Reinforcing Mesh Type Attributes	MeshLength MeshWidth LongitudinalBarNominalDiameter TransverseBarNominalDiameter LongitudinalBarCrossSectionArea TransverseBarCrossSectionArea LongitudinalBarSpacing TransverseBarSpacing BendingShapeCode BendingParameters		R	R
IfcRoot
Software Identity	GlobalId		R	R
User Identity	Name Description		O	O
Object Ownership	OwnerHistory		O	O
IfcSite
Site Attributes	CompositionType RefLatitude RefLongitude RefElevation LandTitleNumber SiteAddress LongName		O	O
Spatial Container	ContainsElements	Type Description IfcElement The site may contain elements directly (if those are not assigned to the individual building, building stories or spaces	R	R
Spatial Decomposition	IsDecomposedBy		R	R
IfcSlab
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcSlabType	O	O
Quantity Sets	IsDefinedBy	Name Qto_SlabBaseQuantities	O	O
Material Profile Set	HasAssociations		O	O
Constraint Association	HasAssociations		O	O
Element Decomposition	IsDecomposedBy	RelatedObjects Description IfcReinforcingBar Rebar array in one direction for bridge decks IfcReinforcingMesh Rebar array in two directions for bridge decks IfcTendon Tendons IfcTendonAnchor Tendon anchors	O	O
Element Positioning	PositionedFrom	Placement Transform Description VERTICAL WARP Bridge decks are positioned and transformed to follow the alignment curve.	O	O
Structural Surface Assignment	ReferencedBy		O	O
Body SweptSolid Extruded Arbitrary Geometry	Representation		O	O
Body AdvancedSwept Surface Curve Geometry	Representation		O	O
Body Spine Geometry	Representation		O	O
IfcSlabStandardCase
Material Layer Set Usage	HasAssociations		R	R
IfcStructuralAnalysisModel
Group Assignment	IsGroupedBy	RelatedType Description IfcStructuralPointConnection Structural connections which may correspond to ground supports, bearings, and field splices IfcStructuralCurveMember Structural members with constant profile IfcStructuralCurveMemberVarying Structural members with varying profile IfcStructuralCurveConnection Structural connections between members IfcStructuralSurfaceMember Structural surface members with constant thickness IfcStructuralSurfaceMemberVarying Structural surface members with varying thickness IfcStructuralSurfaceConnection Structural connections between surfaces	O	O
Structural Analysis Model Attributes	LoadedBy HasResults		O	O
IfcStructuralCurveMember
Material Profile Set Usage	HasAssociations		R	R
IfcStructuralLoadCase
Group Assignment	IsGroupedBy	RelatedType Description IfcStructuralPointAction Loads modeled as points IfcStructuralCurveAction Loads modeled as curves IfcStructuralSurfaceAction Loads modeled as surfaces IfcStructuralLoadCase	O	O
IfcStructuralLoadGroup
Group Assignment	IsGroupedBy	RelatedType IfcStructuralLoadCase	O	O
IfcStructuralPointConnection
Reference Topology	Representation	Topology IfcVertexPoint	O	O
Structural Point Connection Attributes	AppliedCondition		O	O
IfcStructuralResultGroup
Group Assignment	IsGroupedBy	RelatedType Description IfcStructuralPointReaction Reactions occuring as points IfcStructuralCurveReaction Reactions occuring as curves IfcStructuralSurfaceReaction Reactions occuring as surfaces	R	R
IfcTask
Object Nesting	IsNestedBy	Type Description IfcTask Tasks may be nested into subtasks.	O	O
Sequential Connectivity	IsPredecessorTo IsSuccessorFrom		O	O
Task Attributes	TaskTime PredefinedType Priority Status Identification LongDescription		O	O
IfcTendon
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcTendonType	O	O
Path Connectivity	ConnectedFrom	RelatedElement Description IfcTendonAnchor Tendons must be connected to anchors.	R	R
IfcTendonAnchor
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcTendonAnchorType	O	O
IfcTendonType
Tendon Type Attributes	NominalDiameter CrossSectionArea SheethDiameter		R	R
IfcTypeObject
Property Sets for Types	HasPropertySets		O	O
IfcWall
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcWallType	O	O
Quantity Sets	IsDefinedBy	Name Qto_WallBaseQuantities	O	O
Element Decomposition	IsDecomposedBy	RelatedObjects IfcReinforcingBar IfcReinforcingMesh	R	R
Surface Connectivity	ConnectedFrom	Type IfcFooting	O	O
IfcWasteTerminal
Object Typing	IsTypedBy PredefinedType	Type IfcWasteTerminalType	O	O